Soil metal pollution tests

Enzymatic Changes in Plants as Diagnostic Criteria of a Biological Test for the Evaluation of Phytotoxicity of Metal-Polluted Soils... 

Kim, B., and McBride, M. B. (2006). A test of sequential extractions for determining metal speciation in sewage sludge-amended soils. Environ. Pollut. 144, 475—482. 

Use of chemometric approaches for robustness testing of SEP, for finding relationships between soil metal fractions and plant uptake, and for characterization of pollution sources on the basis of fractionation data... 

Lynch RJ, Muntoni A, Ruggeri R, Winfield KC. (2007). Preliminary tests of an electrokinetic barrier to prevent heavy metal pollution of soils. Electrochimica Acta 52(10) 3432-3440. 

W. Hartley, R. Edwards, and N.W. Lepp, Arsenic and Heavy Metal Mobility in Iron Oxide-amended Contaminated Soils As Evaluated by Short- and Long-term Leaching Tests, Environ. Pollut. 131(3), 495-504, Oct. (2004). 

Solvent leaching - apart from the characterization of the reactivity of specific metals - can provide information on the behaviour of pollutants under typical environmental conditions. Common single reagent leachate tests, e.g. U.S. EPA, ASTM, IAEA and ICES use either distilled water or acetic acid (Theis Padgett, 1983). A large number of test procedures have been designed particularly for soil studies these partly used organic chelators such as EDTA and DTPA (Sauerbeck Styperek, 1985). 

Abstract It is necessary for environmental evaluation of surface finishing processes. From the viewpoint of current environmental protection acts and laws in various countries (which seem to be getting stricter) surface finishing industries are facing serious challenges. These industries tend to release heavy metals and other pollutants into our air, water, and soil. Therefore, to meet the demands of the environmental protection laws, they will need to modify current processes and propose some new ones to replace their traditional methods. In order for these new processes to be adequate and effective, appropriate environmental evaluations are needed to test them. This chapter describes several ways to evaluate and treat harmful contaminants in air and water (especially those from the surface finishing industry). 

It is necessary to further test the proposed combined elution procedure with various sample matrices in contaminated soils and waste materials. This is to be done for the elution of metals, as well as the one of important classes of organic pollutants such as CHCs, PAHs, phenols or PCBs. Relevant data will soon be published elsewhere. 

Scientists measure the amounts of the materials that make up everything in our universe. An engineer determines the amount of metal in an alloy or the volume of seawater flowing through a desalination plant. A physician orders laboratory tests to measure substances in the blood such as glucose or cholesterol. An environmental chemist measures the levels of pollutants such as lead and carbon monoxide in our soil and atmosphere. 

Bekaert et al. (1999) carried out a study to evaluate the genotoxieity of aqueous lixiviate of a soil contaminated with PAHs and heavy metals, by the Ames and Mutatox in vitro tests, and the MN test in vivo in amphibians of the Xenopus laevis speeies. The authors observed by the three tests that this contaminated soil can cause damages to the aquatic enviromnent. The authors affirmed that biological tests are important eomplementaiy tools for the physicochemical analyses since it allows the evaluation of the ehemical substances biodisponibility and bioaccumulation, besides showing the possible interaction between the pollutants. Bekaert et al. (1999) also alert for the tests that require previous filtration process of the samples before its execution. The authors affirm that this procedure can masquerade the real results by the loss of some pollutants that are important during the preparation process of the sample. The authors affirm that 0.45 pm membranes can already eliminate many micropollutants potentially genotoxic. 

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