Enzymatic changes

No studies were located regarding biomarkers of exposure to 1,2- diphenylhydrazine. The metabolites of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine were identified in one study (Dutkiewicz and Szymanska) however, the validity of the findings is uncertain because of the analytical methodology used (see Section 2.3.3 Metabolism). No enzymatic changes that could be used as biomarkers of... 

Lead exposure can produce a number of other effects. One of the most common effects is on the red blood cells, which results in anemia. The red blood cells become fragile and hemoglobin synthesis is impaired. Changes in the red blood cells and some enzymatic changes were used as a marker for lead exposure. Similar to other metals, lead adversely affects kidney function, but this is now rare with reductions in occupational exposure. Several studies have demonstrated that elevated lead exposure is related to elevated blood pressure levels, particularly in men. There appears to be a weak association between lead exposure and increased incidence of lung and brain cancer. Lead exposure is a reproductive hazard for both males and females. In males, lead affects sperm count and sperm motility, resulting in decreased offspring. 

Effects on the skin were observed in rats treated dermally with 40 mg nickel/kg/day as nickel sulfate for 15 or 30 days (Mathur et al. 1977). The effects included distortion of the epidermis and dermis after 15 days and hyperkeratinization, vacuolization, hydropic degeneration of the basal layer, and atrophy of the epidermis at 30 days. Biochemical changes in the skin (enzymatic changes, increased lipid peroxidation, and an increase in the content of sulfhydryl groups and amino nitrogen) were observed in... 

As described above, volume-phase transitions in gels with immobilized enzymes are available for the biochemical creation of mechanical energies when coupled with enzymatic changes within the gel phase. In the design of such immobilized enzyme systems, the concept of controlling the phase transition threshold by... 

I. Minutes to Hours Enzymatic changes Cellular respiration Biochemistry Cell Biology (e.g., chemistry of death)... 

Enzymatic Changes in Plants as Diagnostic Criteria of a Biological Test for... 

In a further section, a brief review of possible interactions between metals and nucleic acids is presented. Finally, attention will be paid to the application of enzymatic changes as diagnostic criteria for the phytotoxicity of plant substrates. 

Wandrey C, Leuchtenberger W, Kula MR (1981) Process for the continuous enzymatic change of water soluble a-ketocarboxylic acids into the corresponding amino acids. US 4304858... 

Reinhardt CF, Dinman BD. 1965b. Toxicity of hydrazine and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) Hepatostructural and enzymatic change. Arch Environ Health 10 859-869. 

G9. Glass, G. A., and Gershon, D., Enzymatic changes in rat erythrocytes with increasing cell and donor age Loss of superoxide dismutase activity associated with increases in catalytically defective forms. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 103, 1245-1253 (1981). 

Benjakul, S. and Bauer, E. 2000. Physicochemical and enzymatic changes of cod muscle proteins subjected to different freeze-thaw cycles. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture iO 1143-1150. 

Lyophilized products are characterized by prolonged shelf-life, and chemical bacteria or enzymatic changes do not easily occur. The sterility is more guaranteed and solubility assured. In addition, transportation is easier. Finally, certain compounds or radiopharmaceutical kits exist only as lyophilized products. However, freeze-dried products suffer from certain disadvantages. The reentry of moisture may destroy the products. Direct optical control of lyophilized products cannot be performed. Therefore, the risk of particle contamination of the final product is high. Bacterial contamination can only be avoided by using the proper installations (clean rooms) for manufacturing injectable lyophilized products. 

There are two remaining systems for enzymatic changes in arsenicals, the periplasmic reduction of arsenate to arsenite as part of an oxyanion-coupled anaerobic respiration (16,68) (Chapter 13) and the coupled cleavage of carbon-arsenic bonds with oxidation to arsenate (7). These systems appear to be of major environmental concern in arsenic-containing settings, but they have not been approached by molecular genetics as yet. 

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