Soil ecology

J. M. Lynch, The rhizosphere—form and function, Applied Soil Ecology / 193 (1984). 

S. J. Grayston, D. Vaughan, and D. Jones, Rhizosphere carbon flow in trees, in comparison with annual plants the importance of root exudation and its impact on microbial activity and nutrient availability. Applied Soil Ecology 5 29 (1996). 

D. B. Nehl, S. J. Allen, and J. F. Brown, Deleterious rhizosphere bacteria an integrating perspective. Applied Soil Ecology 5 1 (1997). 

J. S. Buyer and D. D. Kaufman, Microbial diversity in the rhizosphere of corn grown under conventional and low input systems. Applied Soil Ecology 5 21 (1996). 

L. Marilley and M. Aragno, Phylogenetic diversity of bacterial communities differing in degree of proximity of Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens roots. Applied Soil Ecology 73 127 (1999). 

Killham, K. (1995) Soil Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 

Kaya HK. Soil ecology. In Gaugler R, Kaya HK, editors. Entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press 1990. pp. 93-115. 

Tolle, D. A., Arthur, M. F. Van Voris, P. 1983. Microcosm/field comparison of trace element uptake in crops grown in fly ash-amended soil. Ecological effects of soil amended with waste products. Science of the Total Environment, 31, 243-261. 

Werner, M.R. 1997. Soil quality characteristics during conversion to organic orchard management. Applied Soil Ecology 5 151-167. 

Berkelmans, R., Ferris, H., Tenuta, M., and van Bruggen, A.H.C. 2003. Long-term effects of crop management on trophic levels of nematodes other than plant parasitic nematodes disappear after one year of uniform treatment. Applied Soil Ecology 23 223-235. 

Bulluck, L.R., Brosius, M., Evanylo, G.K. and Ristaino, J.B. 2002. Organic and synthetic fertility amendments influence soil microbial, physical and chemical properties on organic and conventional farms. Applied Soil Ecology 19 147-160. 

Ferris, H., Venette, R.C. and Lau, S.S. 1996. Dynamics of nematode communities in tomatoes grown in conventional and organic farming systems, and their impact on soil fertility. Applied Soil Ecology 3 161-175. 

Rosado-May, F.J., Werner, M.R., Chessman, S.R. and Webb, R. 1994. Incidence of strawberry root fungi in conventional and organic production systems. Applied Soil Ecology 1 261-267. 

Workneh, F. and van Bruggen, A.H.C. 1994b. Microbial density, composition, and diversity in organically and conventionally managed rhizosphere soil in relation to suppression of corky root of tomatoes. Applied Soil Ecology 1 219-230. 

Setala, H., J. Laakso, J. Mikola, and V. Huhta. 1998. Functional diversity of decomposer organisms in relation to primary production. Applied Soil Ecology 9 25-31. 

Moorhead, D. L., and R. L. Sinsabaugh. 2000. Simulated patterns of litter decay predict patterns of extracellular enzyme activities. Applied Soil Ecology 14 71-79. 

Py-FI mass spectrometric fingerprint can be developed as a fast, comprehensive, highly sensitive and reproducible analytical approach to discern any effects that GM crops may exert on soil ecological parameters (Melnitchouck et al., 2006). 

Sauerborn, J. Kranz, B. and H. Mercer-Quarshie (2003). Organic amendments mitigate heterotrophic weed infestation in savannah agriculture.- Applied Soil Ecology 23, 181-186. 

In addition, books by Waring and Running (1998) on forest ecosystems, Coleman et al. (2004) on soil ecology and Smith and Read (1997) on mycorrhizal symbioses address many of the issues surrounding the interactions among mycorrhizal fungi, plants and the soil microbial community. 

Ek, H., Sjogren, M., Arnebrant, K. Soderstrom, B. (1994). Extramatrical mycelial growth, biomass allocation and rritrogen uptake in ectomycorrhizal systems in response to collembolan grazing. Applied Soil Ecology, 1, 155-69. 

Microcosms and soil ecology critical linkages between field studies and modelling food webs. Ecology, 11, 694-705. 

Ettema, C. H. Wardle, D. A. (2002). Spatial soil ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 17, 177-83. 

Matson, P. A., P. M. Vitousek, J. J. Ewel, M. J. Mazzarino, and G. P. Robertson. 1987. "Nitrogen transformations foilowing tropical forest feeling and burning on a volcanic soil." Ecology 68 491-502. 

Anderson R. V., Coleman D. C., Cole C. V., and Elliott E. T. (1981) Effect of nematodes Acrobeloides sp. and Mesodi-plogaster Iheritieri on substrate utilization and nitrogen and phosphoms mineralization in soil. Ecology 62, 549—555. 

Lavelle P. and Spain A. (2001) Soil Ecology. Kluwer Academic. 

Silver W. F., Hennan D. J., and Firestone M. K. (2001) Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium in upland tropical forest soils. Ecology 82, 2410—2416. 

These are tests that are established within the academic community as monitors of chemical exposure and chemical effect. Unlike the procedures discussed in section 6.2, standards do not exist for these tests. Development instead can be tracked via a series of scientific papers. Some methods are long established in soil ecology and ecotoxicology. Examples include invertebrate bioassays, soil enzyme assays and litterbags. In contrast, a number of methods, such as bait lamina and some biochemical assays (e.g. lysosomal membrane stability), have been developed more recently but have passed quickly into widespread use. 

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