Firing cycle

Fig. 5. Two-stage light gas gun showing the piston and H projectile where M = propellant charge and 1 = light gas (a), before firing (b), after firing propellant charge (c), as piston nears necked-down mouth of the launch tube (d), after completion of firing cycle. Piston is removed from neck of launch...

An operational change because caustic concentration typically results when high-firing cycle operations permit departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) to occur... 

The point of a firing cycle at which the burner is combusting the maximum amount of fuel per unit time. 

Leary JA, Bieman K, Lafleur AL, et al. 1987. Chemical and toxicological characterization of residential oil burner emissions I. Yields and chemical characterization of extractables from combustion of no. 3 fuel oil at different Bacharach smoke numbers and firing cycles. Environ Health Perspeet 73 223-234. 

Dud An explosive device that has undergone a complete arming and firing cycle, but has failed to explode. 

SiC kiln furniture, the heat consumption was 31.400 kJ/kg of ware in fast firing the consumption can be reduced to 12.600 — 14.000 kJ/kg (Harms, 1978). In another tunnel kiln for the firing of porcelain flat ware, the heat consumption was 24.300 kJ/kg (firing cycle 21 hours, 1430 °C). For decorative firing at 960 C, the consumption was 3800—4600 kJ/kg. According to Schroder and Goerg (1978), a value lower than 2400 kJ kg of fireclay bricks has been achieved in a modern tunnel kiln. A similar heat consumption is reported for modern brickmaking tunnel kilns (Staff Report, 1977). 

The firing cycle of fired ware is comparatively long at temperatures of 1400 — — 1600°C, according to the content of secondary oxides. The ware is immediately provided with a protective coating by immersion in a tar bath. The usual materials of this type have a porosity of 15 to 20%, a compressive strength of 40 to 70 MPa, the initial deformation temperature (Tq.s) is 1710 to 1760 C their thermal shock resistance is satisfactory. 

Quartz is also seen to be a non-equilibrium phase in another respect. At the firing temperature of porcelain it should transform to a more stable modification, which is cristobalite or tridymite under these conditions. However, the transformation is similarly very slow and cannot be completed during the firing cycle. Only in cases when the melt is saturated with quartz and its dissolution stops (or when the rate of dissolution is particularly low), distinct formation of a cristobalite layer occurs on the surface of quartz grains. 

Virtually nothing is known about cloud or fog contributions to soil geochemistry in tropical and subtropical mountains and it would be desirable to better understand the various contributors to nutrient inputs, especially considering the importance of frequent fire cycles in lowlands upwind from high elevation ranges such as the Amazon and Orinoco basins and the Andean barrier. 

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