Sohd aerosol

A significant transport medium of a number of pollutants is air. PAHs are found there in the form of vapour or sorbed on soHd aerosol particles. To date, almost 500 PAHs and their derivatives have been found in the atmosphere. It is reported that up to 75% of PAHs (especially the higher molecular weight compounds) in... 

Docusate Sodium. Aerosol OT, Colace, and Doxinate are trade names of docusate sodium [577-11-7] (dioctyl sodium sulfo succinate, sodium salt of l,4-bis(2-etliylhexyl)estet butanedioic). This white, wax-like, plastic sohd, with a characteristic odor suggestive of octyl alcohol, is usually available in the form of pellets. One gram of the sodium salt slowly dissolves in about 70 mL water. Docusate sodium is freely soluble in alcohol and glycerol, very... 

Translating odor modifiers into consumer products results in forms, such as soHds, Hquids, and aerosols, for a market defined as products "for the nose." This includes products that cover up or eliminate odors, perfume the home, or cleanse the air. Such products thus defined were reported to have sales in 1992 of just under 2 biUion. The categories of this market can be broken out as traditional air fresheners, cat Utter products, aroma care, air purification, and disinfectant in both consumer and industrial appUcations. 

Armour-Dial Consumer Renu2it aerosol, soHd, electric... 

Reckitt Cohnan Wi2ard, Airwick, Love My Carpet, Lysol aerosol, electric, soHd, carpet powder, Hquid... 

Most tanks store Hquid rather than gases or soHds. Characteristics and properties such as corrosiveness, internal pressures of multicomponent solutions, tendency to scale or sublime, and formation of deposits and sludges are vital for the tank designer and the operator of the tank and are discussed herein. Excluded from the discussion are the unique properties and hazards of aerosols (qv), unstable Hquids, and emulsions (qv). A good source of information for Hquid properties for a wide range of compounds is available (2). 

Specific advancements ia the chemical synthesis of coUoidal materials are noteworthy. Many types of genera ting devices have been used to produce coUoidal Hquid aerosols (qv) and emulsions (qv) (39—43) among them are atomizers and nebulizers of various designs (30,44—50). A unique feature of produciag Hquid or soHd coUoids via aerosol processes (Table 3) is that material with a relatively narrow size distribution can be routinely prepared. These monosized coUoids are often produced by relying on an electrostatic classifier to select desired particle sizes ia the final stage of aerosol production. 

Although spray-dryiag accommodates relatively high content of surfactants, certain types, such as the alkanolamides and some nonionic surfactants are best added to the product after spray-dryiag. Post additioa aot only protects the surfactant from the heat of the tower but also prevents the formation of aerosols ia the exit gas. Aerosols are more difficult to trap ia the scmbbiag system than soHd fines. They are formed by unsulfonated matter from the manufacture of LAS and nonionic surfactants with short ethylene oxide chains (120). 

Bower, C. Washington, C. Purewal, T.S. The effect of surfactant and sohd phase concentration on drug aggregates in model aerosol propeUent suspensions. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1996, 48, 342-346. 

Airborne particles can be classified and characterised in a number of ways and, for example according to their physical, chemical or biological properties. Also, many different terms are used in relation to airborne particles. Some of them identify particles by their sizes, others by the processes which led to their generation and some by the abihty of the particles to enter the human respiratory tract [6,7]. In particular, an aerosol is an assembly of liquid or sohd particles suspended in a gaseous medium long enough to enable observation or measurement, and a particle or particulate is a small, discrete object. 

Sodium di(ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (Aerosol-OT, sodium docusate) [577-11-7] M 444.6. Dissolve it in MeOH and the inorganic salts which precipitate are filtered off. Water is added and the solution is extracted several times with hexane. The residue is evaporated to one-fifth its original volume, benzene is added and azeotropic distillation is continued until no water remains. The solvent is evaporated. The white residual soHd is crushed and dried in vacuo over P2O5 for 48hours [El Seoud Fendler J Chem Soc, Fcrcukiy Trans 1 71 452 1975]. [Beilstein 4 IV 114.] It solubilises major myelin trans membrane proteolipids, and forms reverse micelles in hydrocarbon solvents. 

Dust Aerosols of sohd particles (greater than about 0.5 pm in diameter ) that have resulted from the mechanical disintegration of larger matter. 

Fume Aerosols of sohd particles (less than 1 pm in diameter) that arise from the condensation of vapours from a chemical reaction or physical reaction (such as evaporation and condensation). 

Smog Aerosols of hquid droplets or sohd particles comprising air pollution (having diameters less than about 2 pm). 

To measure Pb concentrations in small particles such as aerosols, or to study the variation in Pb concentrations within sohds such as mineral grains, there is a range in available techniques such as micro-beam XRF (including synchrotron methods), proton induced X-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE), secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS), and laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS). These methods have been used for high spatial resolution even in 3-D, as well as for rapid analyses of biological or geological structures growing incrementally [39-43] or small, specihc phases [44]. 

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