Secondary ionization mass spectrometry

Lang SR, Staudenmann W, James P, Manz HJ, Kessler R, Galli B, Moser HP, Rummelt A, Merkle HP (1996) Proteolysis of human calcitonin in excised bovine nasal mucosa elucidation of the metabolic pathway by liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometry (LSIMS) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI). Pharm Res 13 1679-1685. 

The principle of FAB, less frequently referred to as liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometry (LSIMS), is very similar to secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). However, FAB utilizes a liquid matrix, such as glycerol, in which a sample is dissolved. The matrix is used to enhance sensitivity and ion current stability. 

Groenewold, G.S., A.D. Appelhans, G.L. Gresham, and J.E. Olson, J. Jeffery, and J.B. Wright. 1999. Analysis of VX on soil particles using ion trap secondary ionization mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 71 2318-2323. 

Earlier DI techniques include fast atom bombardment (FAB), secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS), plasma desorption, and field desorption. Since their applications are primarily qualitative, they will not be discussed here. 

G.L. Gresham, G.S. Groenewold, A.D. Appelhans, J.E. Olson, M.T. Benson, M.T. Jeffery, B. Rowland and M.A. Weibel, Static secondary ionization mass spectrometry and mass spectrom-etry/mass spectrometry (MS2) characterization of the chemical warfare agent HD on soil particle surfaces, Ini. J. Mass Spectrom., 208, 135-145 (2001). 

Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy ((double quantum fdtering (DQF), correlation spectroscopy (COSY), hetero-nuclear multiple quantum correlation (HMQC), heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC)) as well as liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometry (LSI MS) and UV-Vis spectroscopies were used to establish crown structures of TTFs 33 ( =l-3). In the case of the macrocycle 33 ( = 1), two protons of each methylene group of the SCH2CH2O fragments were not identical and gave an AA BB system. This observation was in accordance with the expected low conformational mobility of the polyether bridge in ( )-33 ( = 1) as compared with (Z)-33 ( = 1). The macrocycle ( )-33 ( = 2) behaved similarly to ( )-33 ( =1), whereas the protons under discussion were equivalent in ( )-33 ( = 3) <2001CFJ447>. 

Early in the history of mass spectrometry (MS), large biomolecules were not analyzed because efficient methods to transport these molecules into the gas phase were unknown. Degradation typically occurred during vaporization of these nonvolatile molecules so that electron ionization of the intact molecular ion was not possible. Ionization by fast atom bombardment (FAB), field desorption (FD), secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS), and plasma desorption (PD)" from the radioactive decay of Cf finally made the ionization and analysis of peptides possible. These latter techniques, although still used today, are not as popular as electrospray... 

Secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS) is yet another method to analyze solid samples directly. SIMS uses a focused beam of ions (called the primary ion beam) to sputter atoms from the surface of a sample. A small fraction of the sputtered atoms are ionized by the sputtering action, hence the term secondary ionization. The secondary ions are extracted, accelerated, and analyzed by a mass analyzer. Two main configurations exist conventional SIMS, which uses electric... 

Seaborg, Glenn, 339, 342-343, 351 secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS),... 

To measure Pb concentrations in small particles such as aerosols, or to study the variation in Pb concentrations within sohds such as mineral grains, there is a range in available techniques such as micro-beam XRF (including synchrotron methods), proton induced X-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE), secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS), and laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS). These methods have been used for high spatial resolution even in 3-D, as well as for rapid analyses of biological or geological structures growing incrementally [39-43] or small, specihc phases [44]. 

Nicola, A., Muddiman, D.C., and Hercules, D.M., Enhancement of ion intensity of time-of-flight secondary-ionization mass spectrometry, /. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 7, 467, 1996. 

C. Dass and P. Mahalakshmi, Amino acid seqnence determination of phospho-enkephalins using liquid secondary ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 9, 1148-1154 (1995). 

Chemical reactions at the gas-surface interface can be followed by monitoring gas-phase products with, for example, a mass spectrometer, or by directly analyzing the surface with a spectroscopic technique such as Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), or electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), all of which involve energy analysis of electrons, or by secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS), which examines the masses of ions ejected by ion bombardment. Another widely used surface probe is low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), which can provide structural information via electron diffraction patterns. At the gas-liquid interface, optical reflection elHpsometry and optical spectroscopies are employed, such as Eourier transform infrared (ET IK) and laser Raman spectroscopies. 

At the present time, the most up-to-date methods of ionization in TLC/MS are FAB and secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS) in which organic molecules are sputtered from the surface by impact of a stream of high-energy molecules, and laser desorption (LD) in which sputtering of organic molecules from the surface of a support is due to the influence of high thermal energy produced by a laser beam onto a plate surface. The ions produced this way are usually even-electron (M + H) and appear by means of chemical ionization. The interpretation of the spectrum follows the same lines. 

Static secondary ionization mass spectrometry and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS ) characterization of the chemical warfare agent HD on soil particle surfaces. Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 208,135. 

Time of flight secondary ionization mass spectrometry Ultraviolet... 

Aberth, W.H. Burlingame, A.L. Effect of Primary Beam Energy on the Secondary-Ion Sputtering Efficiency of Liquid Secondary-Ionization Mass Spectrometry in the 5-30-KeV Range. Anal. Chem. 1988,60, 1426-1428. 

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