Soft tissues strain

Soft Tissue Injuries. Some of the more common soft tissue injuries are sprains, strains, contusions, tendonitis, bursitis, and stress injuries, caused by damaged tendons, muscles, and ligaments. A sprain is a soft tissue injury to the ligaments. Certain sprains are often associated with small fractures. This type of injury is normally associated with a localized trauma event. The severity of the sprain depends on how much of the ligament is torn and to what extent the ligament is detached from the bone. The areas of the human body that are most vulnerable to sprains are ankles, knees, and wrists. 

The PGS obtained by Wang and coworkers was a kind of thermoset elastomer with the Young s modulus of 0.282 0.025 MPa, a tensile strain of at least 267 zE 59.4%, and a tensUe strength was at least 0.5 MPa. The mechanical properties of PGS were well consisted with that of some common soft tissues. Although PGS is a thermoset polymer, its prepolymer can be processed into various shapes by solving it in common organic solvents such as 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, isopropanol, ethanol, and iV,M-dimethylformamide. Porous scaffolds can be fabricated by salt leaching. 

The musculoskeletal system consists of the muscles, bones, joints, tendons, and ligaments. Disorders related to the musculoskeletal system often are classified by etiology. Acute soft-tissue injuries include strains and sprains of muscles and ligaments. Repeated movements in sports, exercise, work, or activities of daily living may lead to repetitive strain injury, where cumulative damage occurs to the muscles, ligaments, or tendons.1-3 While tendonitis and bursitis can arise from acute injury, more commonly these conditions occur as a result of chronic stress.3,4 Other forms of chronic musculoskeletal pain, such as pain from rheumatoid arthritis (see Chap. 54) or osteoarthritis (see Chap. 55), are discussed elsewhere in this text. 

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Soft-Tissue Injury (Strains,... 

Topical NSAIDs are available commercially in Canada and Europe. In the United States, these agents may be compounded in specialty pharmacies.35 These agents exert a local anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect.36-38 In soft-tissue injury such as strains and sprains, topical NSAIDs are superior in efficacy to placebo and similar to oral NSAIDs.36,37 Tissue concentrations of topical NSAIDs are high enough to produce anti-inflammatory effects, but systemic concentrations after application remain low.36-38... 

Although used as a simulant, it can cause acute bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, intraabdominal infections, enteric infections, urinary tract infections, septic arthritis, endophthalmitis, suppurative thyroiditis, sinusitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, and skin and soft tissue infections. There are also strains of E. coli (C17-A015) that produce lethal cytotoxins (C16-A052). ... 

Clindamycin is indicated for the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections caused by streptococci and staphylococci. It is often active against community-acquired strains of methicillin-resistant S aureus, an increasingly common cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Clindamycin is also indicated for treatment of anaerobic infection caused by bacteroides and other anaerobes that often participate in mixed infections. Clindamycin, sometimes in combination with an aminoglycoside or cephalosporin, is used to treat penetrating wounds of the abdomen and the gut infections originating in the female genital tract, eg, septic abortion and pelvic abscesses and aspiration pneumonia. Clindamycin is now recommended rather than erythromycin for prophylaxis of endocarditis in patients with valvular heart disease who are undergoing certain dental procedures. Clindamycin plus primaquine is an effective alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for moderate to moderately severe Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in AIDS patients. It is also used in combination with pyrimethamine for AIDS-related toxoplasmosis of the brain. 

The role of the liquid applied barrier dressing is to provide a biocompatible protective coating over the tissue for the purpose of protecting it from bacteria and environmental contamination. From a physical and dynamic point of view, the barrier coating must include proper stress-strain physical properties for reasons shown in Fig. 2.2. The skin (epidermis and dermis) and subcutaneous soft tissue are not smooth and stretch and retract (stress-strain) as the body moves to lift an arm or leg, for example. The barrier must experience the same stress-strain and flexing phenomena and remain adhered to the tissue, otherwise the barrier would disbond... 

Abstract A general theoretical and finite element model (FEM) for soft tissue structures is described including arbitrary constitutive laws based upon a continuum view of the material as a mixture or porous medium saturated by an incompressible fluid and containing charged mobile species. Example problems demonstrate coupled electro-mechano-chemical transport and deformations in FEMs of layered materials subjected to mechanical, electrical and chemical loading while undergoing small or large strains. 

The reaction of the arteriolar wall to changes in the blood pressure is considered to consist of a passive, elastic component in parallel with an active, muscular response. The elastic component is determined by the properties of the connective tissue, which consists mostly of collagen and elastin. The relation between strain e and elastic stress ae for homogeneous soft tissue may be described as [18] ... 

Linezolid is FDA approved for treatment of infections caused by vancomycin-resistant E. faecium nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus community-acquired pneumonia caused by penicillin-susceptible strains of S. pneumoniae complicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by streptococci and methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of S. aureus and uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections. In noncomparative studies, linezolid (600 mg twice daily) has had clinical and miaobiological cure rates in the range of 85 to 90% in treatment of a variety of infections (soft tissue, urinary tract, and bacteremia) caused by vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. A 200-mg, twice-daily dose was less effective, with clinical and microbiological cure rates of approximately 75 and 59%, respectively. The 600-mg, twice-daily dose, therefore, should be used for treatment of infections caused by enterococci. A 400-mg, twice-daily dosage regimen is recommended only for treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections. 

Ticarcillin, extended-spectrum penicillin, alpha-carbox-ypenicillin, is indicated for the treatment of bacterial septicemia, skin and soft-tissue infections, acute and chronic respiratory tract infections caused by susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species (both indole-positive and indole-negative), and Escherichia coli and for genitourinary tract infections (complicated and uncomplicated) due to susceptible strains of P. aeruginosa, Proteus species (both indole-positive and indole-negative), E. coli, Enterobacter, and Streptococcus faecalis (enterococcus). 

Coccal Infections Community strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus often are susceptible to tetracychne, doxycychne, or minocychne, which can be effective for uncomphcated skin and soft-tissue infechons. Approximately 85% of strains of S. pneumoniae are susceptible to tetracyclines, and doxycycline remains effective for empirical therapy of community-acquired pneumonia. 

It is a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) and used mainly as its sodium salt for the relief of pain and inflammation in various conditions, such as musculoskeletal and joint disorders viz., rheumatoid, arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondolytis peri-articular disorders, for instance bursitis and tendenitis soft-tissue disorders, such as sprains and strains and other painful conditions, namely renal colic, acute gout, dysmenorrhoea, and following certain surgical procedures. 

Flexible PU foams need to have elastic moduli of the same order of magnitude (lOkPa) as human soft tissue, to be suitable for seating applications. Their density is usually below 40 kgm . Low stresses can cause high elastic compressive strains because... 

We build on the work done by Butler, Durbin, and Helvacian (1996) by considering whether HRM practices affect the distribution of injuries. Given prior evidence on soft-tissue sprain and strain, we would expect to see additional HRM practices associated with fewer sprains and strains (particularly back sprains and strains), and with relatively more fractures and lacerations, //HRM practices are reducing woik-place injuries through a claims-reporting response. 

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