Properties, particulate

In general adding reinforcing fibers significantly increases mechanical properties. Particulate fillers of various types usually increase the modulus, plasticizers generally decrease the modulus but enhance flexibility, and so on. These RPs can also be called composites. However the name composites Utterly identifies thousands of different combinations with very few that include the use of plastics (Table 6-18). In using the term com-... 

Depending on their flow properties, particulate solids are divided into two classes, cohesive and noncohesive. Noncohesive materials like grain, dry sand, and plastic chips readily flow out of a bin or silo. Cohesive solids, such as wet clay, are characterized by their reluctance to flow through openings. 

What does it mean for something to have wavelike properties Particulate properties Electromagnetic radiation can be discussed in terms of both particles and waves. Explain the experimental verification for each of these views. 

Phase purity (structural property) Particulate property (size and distribution) Chemical composition (Si/ A1 in framework)... 

For other physical properties, the specification differences between diesel fuel and home-heating oil are minimal. Note only that there is no minimum distillation end point for heating oil, undoubtedly because tbe problem of particulate emissions is much less critical in domestic burners than in an engine. 

Solid-Phase Extractions In a solid-phase extraction the sample is passed through a cartridge containing solid particulates that serve as the adsorbent material. For liquid samples the solid adsorbent is isolated in either a disk cartridge or a column (Figure 7.17). The choice of adsorbent is determined by the properties of the species being retained and the matrix in which it is found. Representative solid adsorbents... 

An aerosol produced instrumentally has similar properties, except that the aerosol is usually produced from solutions and not from pure liquids. For solutions of analytes, the droplets consist of solute and solvent, from which the latter can evaporate to give smaller droplets of increasingly concentrated solution (Figure 19.1). If the solvent evaporates entirely from a droplet, the desolvated dry solute appears as small solid particles, often simply called particulate matter. 

Plastics. In the plastics industry, the term filler refers to particulate materials that are added to plastic resins in relatively large, ie, over 5%, volume loadings. Except in certain specialty or engineering plastics appHcations, plastics compounders tend to formulate with the objective of optimizing properties at minimum cost rather than maximizing properties at optimum cost. Table 2 fists typical plastic fillers and their uses. 

Generally, Httle is known in advance concerning the degree of homogeneity of most sampled systems. Uniformity, rarely constant throughout bulk systems, is often nonrandom. During the production of thousands of tons of material, size and shape distribution, surface and bulk composition, density, moisture, etc, can vary. Thus, in any bulk container, the product may be stratified into zones of variable properties. In gas and Hquid systems, particulates segregate and concentrate in specific locations in the container as the result of sedimentation (qv) or flotation (qv) processes. 

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