Sodium cyclamate

Sodium cyclamate (SO-dee-um SYE-kla-mate) is a white, crystal solid or powder with almost no odor and a very sweet taste. Its sweetening power is about 30 times that of table sugar, the standard against which artificial sweeteners are measured. Because of its sweet flavor, sodium cyclamate is used as an artificial sweetener. 

Sodium cyclamate. Red atoms are oxygen white atoms are hydrogen black atoms are carbon blue atom is nitrogen yellow atom is sulfur and turquoise atom is sodium. Gray sticks indicate double bonds. 

The first evidence about possible health effects of ingesting cyclamates was announced in 1969. Scientists reported that they had fed eighty rats a diet that contained large amounts of Sucaryl , a product containing saccharin and sodium cyclamate, every day for two years. At the end of that time, twelve of the eighty rats had developed bladder cancer. Based on this study, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) decided to ban the use of cyclamates as food additives. 

Cyclamic acid is made by the sulfonation of cyclohexyl-amine. Cyclohexylamine is a six-carbon ring compound with a single amine (NH2) group attached to it. Its formula is CeHuNH. Sulfonation is the process by which an -S02 group is added to a compound. Sulfonation of cyclohexylamine is accomplished with either sulfur dioxide (S02) or sulfamic acid (H0S02NH2). 

Sodium cyclamate and calcium cyclamate are used as artificial sweeteners. Since they have no nutritional value 

Cyclohexylsulfamic acid monosodium salt E952 sodium cyclohexanesulfamate. 

Sodium cyclamate is used as an intense sweetening agent in pharmaceutical formulations, foods, beverages, and table-top sweeteners. In dilute solution, up to about 0.17% w/v, the sweetening power is approximately 30 times that of sucrose. However, at higher concentrations this is reduced and at a concentration of 0.5% w/v a bitter taste becomes noticeable. Sodium cyclamate enhances flavor systems and can be used to mask some unpleasant taste characteristics. In most applications, sodium cyclamate is used in combination with saccharin. 

Sodium cyclamate occurs as white, odorless or almost odorless crystals or as a crystalline powder with an intensely sweet taste. 

Acidity/alkalinity pH solution. Solubility see Table II. = 5.5-7.5 for a 10% w/v aqueous 

Sodium cyclamate is hydrolyzed by sulfuric acid and cyclo-hexylamine at a very slow rate that is proportional to the hydrogen ion concentration. Therefore, for all practical considerations, it can be regarded as stable. Solutions are also stable to heat, light, and air over a wide pH range. 

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Cyclamate. Sodium cyclamate [139-05-9] (6), the sodium salt of cyclamic acid [100-88-9] was so widely used that it was often just called cyclamate. The other common salt, calcium cyclamate [139-06-0] is useful in low sodium diets. 

Examine the structures oisucrose, the natural sweetener, and saccharin, sodium cyclamate and aspartame (Nutrasweet), three of the most common artificial sweeteners. What, if any, structural features do these molecules have in common Compare electrostatic potential maps for the different sweeteners. Are there any significant features in common Based on yom findings, do you think it is likely that entirely different artifical sweeteners might be discovered Explain. 

Sodium cyanoborohydride. reductive ami nation with, 931 Sodium cyclamate, LP50 of, 26 Sodium hydride, reaction with alcohols, 605... 

Acesulfame potassium Aspartame Saccharin Saccharin sodium Sodium cyclamate... 

The effect of sodium cyclamate (Cyc-Na) was also investigated. It was seen that there is no effect of Cyc-Na for the determination of Apt, Ace-K and Sac and Vit C to 40 ppm concentration level. So 5 ppm Cyc-Na was added to Standard sample solutions. The spectral region between 190 and 300 nm which implies woiking with 22 experimental points per spectrum was selected for analysis. In Table 33.2 the compositions of the quatemaiy mixtures employed are summarized. PLS calibrations were performed on 27 calibration spectra and, with the use of the calibration, the concentration of the samples left out during calibration was predicted. 

Cyclohexylamine is a metabolite of the artificial sweetener sodium cyclamate, with the amount of conversion varying considerably from person to person. ... 

Kojima S, Ichibagase H Studies on s)uithetic sweetening agents Vol HI. Cyclohexylamine, a metabolite of sodium cyclamate. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 14 971, 1966... 

Spectrophotometry (or colorimetry) has been used to measure chlorine dioxide in water using indicators that change colors when oxidized by chlorine dioxide. Spectrophotometric analyzers determine the concentration of chlorine dioxide by measuring the optical absorbance of the indicator in the sample solution. The absorbance is proportional to the concentration of the chlorine dioxide in water. Indicators used for this technique include jV,jV-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, chlorophenol red, and methylene blue (APHA 1998 Fletcher and Hemming 1985 Quentel et al. 1994 Sweetin et al. 1996). For example, chlorophenol red selectively reacts with chlorine dioxide at pH 7 with a detection limit of 0.12 mg/L. The interferences from chlorine may be reduced by the addition of oxalic acid, sodium cyclamate, or thioacetamide (Sweetin et al. 1996). 

Sodium chromate (see Chromium and chromium compounds) Sodium cyclamate (see Cyclamates)... 

Charge in a suitable stainless steel double-cone blender, sucrose, sodium phosphate, xanthan gum, sodium cyclamate, sodium saccharin, gly-camil, and starch pregelatinized. 

Add and dissolve saccharin sodium and sodium cyclamate if used with mixing. 

Collin, J.-P. (1971) Cytogenetic effect of sodium cyclamate, cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol. Diabete, 19, 215-221 (in French)... 

Fig-1 Chemical structures of the intense sweeteners saccharin, sodium cyclamate, acesulfame-K, aspartame, alitame, dulcin, sucralose, and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone. 

Cyclamate is a name for a group of compounds that include cyclamic (/V-cyclohexylsulfamic) acid, sodium cyclamate, and calcium cyclamate (Fig. 1). Audrieth and Sevda discovered this compound accidentally in 1937. It is a white crystalline powder with the molecular formula... 

TA Biemer. Analysis of saccharin, acesulfame-K and sodium cyclamate by high performance ion chromatography. J Chromatogr 463(2) 463-468, 1989. 

Hazemoto et al (1+0) developed an ion-selective electrode sensitive to saccharin, by establishing an ion association between Fe2+-bathophenanthroline chelate and saccharin in nitrobenzene. The electrode developed could measure saccharin ion in presence of other sweetening agents e.g., sucrose, glucose, sodium cyclamate and sorbitol in the concentration range of 10 - - to 10 M. 

Influence Of Diet And Sex On Weight Gain In Rats Fed Sodium Cyclamate (NaC) For 21 Days... 

Ershoff (14, 16) tested the effects of a vast array of fibers on toxicity of 5 sodium cyclamate. In male rats the most complete protection was afforded by 10 gum Karaya, 10 blond psyllium seed or husk, 20 alfalfa meal and 20 carrot root powder. The most effective substance in female rats was alfalfa meal fed as 15 or 20 of the diet (Table IV). 

Just as there is a male-female difference in susceptibility to the effects of sodium cyclamate (16), there is a difference between male and female Sprague-Dawley rats in their susceptibility to DMH-induced colon cancer and to the effects of bran on tumor incidence (38). Male rats given 15 mg/kg of DMH exhibited an 804 incidence of tumors and a 15% incidence of multiple tumors, whereas females given the same dose of carcinogen exhibited a 204 incidence of tumors with no multiple tumors. Addition of 204 bran to the diet reduced tumor incidence by 504 in both groups. When the dose of carcinogen was 30 mg/kg, tumor incidence was 1004 in male rats and 304 in females. Addition of 204 bran to the diet led to a 294 increase of multiple tumors in male rats and a 174 reduction in females. Overall tumor incidence was not affected. 

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