Sodium chlorite example

Disinfectant Formulations and Sterilization. Hundreds of appHcations covering disinfectant compositions using sodium chlorite have been described in U.S. and foreign patents. Some examples of these are as antimicrobial additives for latexes (166), marine antifouling agents (see Coatings, marine) (167,168), antimildew detergent compositions (169), toothpaste and solution compositions for prevention and treatment of periodontal oral disease (see Dentifrices) (170—172), and compositions for the disinfection of contact lenses (qv) (173). 

Chlorite ions and salts are strong oxidizers. Responsible care should be undertaken during disposal of chlorite ion solutions and salts. For example, solid sodium chlorite is unstable and can form explosive mixtures with oxidizable materials, such as organic compounds. Chlorite ion solutions should not be allowed to dry on textiles because this may result in a flammable combination (Kaczur and Cawlfield 1993 Vogt et al. 1986). No further information on the disposal of chlorite ions and chlorite salts were located. 

After the dihydroxylated product is released from the complex through hydrolysis, reoxidation of the metal takes place - sodium chlorite is used in this example, which can regenerate two equivalents of the catalyst. 

Nabar and co-workers (161) studied the photodecom-position of sodium chlorite solutions. They found that the extent of photodecomposition decreased with an increase in pH and an increase in the initial sodium chlorite concentration. Chloride ion had no effect on the photodecomposition reaction. The photodecomposition reaction was found to be much more rapid than the decomposition of acidified sodium chlorite solutions. For example, a chlorous acid solution that decomposed 2.5% in the dark in 3 hr decoit osed 100% in 1 hr in the presence of a carbon arc. Equations 48 and 49 qualitatively represent the stoichiometry found at pH 4.0 and 8.43, respectively... 

It is difficult to predict the stoichiometry because it changes with pH and the initial concentrations of reactants. Taube and Dodgen (217) found that relatively more chlorate ion and less chlorine dioxide formed as the solution was made more basic. For example, with 0.4m perchloric acid, 0.02M chlorine, and 0.024M sodium chlorite, only 7.8% of the chlorite ion was oxidized to chlorate. However, at pH 7.5 with 0.02M hypochlorous acid and 0.024W sodium chlorite,... 

No polyatomic ion exists by itself. Like any ion, a polyatomic ion must be associated with ions of opposite charge. The bonding between polyatomic ions and other ions is one of electrical attraction. For example, the compound sodium chlorite consists of sodium ions (Na ) and chlorite ions (CIO2 ) held together by ionic bonds. 

Sodium chlorite, NaC102, [7758-19-2] is industrially produced by treating CIO2 with caustic soda and the simultaneous reduction of the formed chlorate to chlorite, for example using hydrogen peroxide... 

Example 4-9 Calculate the amount of 25 percent sodium chlorite solution (theoretical) needed to generate 400 Ib/day of chlorine dioxide. How many gallons of 25 percent sodium chlorite solution is this ... 

Sodium hypochlorite could also be dangerous when hot, and alkaline chlorites also in this case however it is not guaranteed that the acid character of this example is sufficient to form chlorine dioxide. Caution is still required when handling these mixtures to which chlorates and perchlorates can be added. 

G. S. Serullas treated potassium chlorate with an excess of hydrofluosilicic acid the clear liquid was decanted from the sparingly soluble potassium fluosilicate, the soln. evaporated below 30°, and filtered through glass powder J. J. Berzelius evaporated the acid liquid mixed with finely divided silica below 30° in air, or over cone, sulphuric acid and potassium hydroxide in vacuo. The excess of hydrofluoric acid was volatilized as silicon fluoride, and the clear liquid was then filtered from the excess of silica. R. Bottger treated sodium chlorate with oxalic acid whereby sparingly soluble sodium oxalate was formed J. L. Wheeler, and T. B. Munroe treated sodium chlorate with hydrofluosilicic acid and M. Brandau treated potassium chlorate with aluminium sulphate and sulphuric acid and precipitated the alum so formed with alcohol. Chloric acid is formed in many reactions with hypochlorous and chlorous acid for example, it is formed when an aq. soln. of chlorine or hypochlorous or chlorous acid decomposes in light. It is also formed when an aq. soln. of chlorine dioxide stands in darkness or in light. A mixture of alkali chlorate and chlorite is formed when an aq. soln. of an alkali hydroxide is treated with chlorine dioxide. 

EXAMPLE 6.13. Write the formulas for (a) lead(II) chlorite and (h) sodium sulfite. 

To write correct formulas for compounds containing polyatomic ions, we follow the same rules of charge balance that we used for writing the formulas of simple ionic compounds. The total negative and positive charges must equal zero. For example, consider the formula for a compound containing sodium ions and chlorite ions. The ions are written as... 

Farquhar Parker (1989) reported examples of 4-15 year long field monitoring studies carried out in the USA and Canada. In these cases, municipal solid waste leachate did not affect appreciably the permeability of clay liners composed of mixtures of minerals such as illite, chlorite, quartz, feldspar, carbonates and smectite. Sodium and chloride proved to be the most mobile ions. All heavy metals were quite efficiently removed by the top 15-20 cm of the liner. 

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