Social environment alcohol

It has generally been assumed by alcoholism treatment personnel in most industrialized countries that the disease-labeling process and the alcoholic s concomitant acceptance of the "sick" role would facilitate treatment and potentiate the chances of rehabilitation. Some writers... however, question the utility of indiscriminate application of the disease label, not only because it may not be appropriate for all varieties of alcohol-related problems, but also because it may influence the very behavior it attempts to describe. This could come about... by altering the cognitive expectancies held by alcoholics and by those in their immediate social environment, such that the drinker no longer is seen as responsible for his or her behavior. In this view, loss of control over drinking may result more from learned expectations than from physical predispositions, and chronic alcoholism more from a dependency role than from physiological dependence. 

FAS is normally characterized by growth retardation, anomalies of the head and face, and psychomotor dysfunctions. Excessive consumption of ethyl alcohol may lead to malformations of the heart, extremities, and kidneys. Since consumption of ethyl alcohol is socially acceptable and prevalent even in pregnant women, the risks associated with the use of ethyl alcohol are remarkable. However, it should be kept in mind that there are several chemical compounds in tlie occupational environment that may also cause malformations even at low doses. The oc-cupationally-important known human teratogens include methyl mercury, ethyl alcohol, PCB compounds, tobacco smoke, lead, TCDD, 2,4,5- F, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, gasoline, and fluoride. 

Fatty alcohols, by which the author means those in the range C and above, are split into two classes, petrochemical and oleochemical, or, as they are more usually referred to, synthetic and natural. The discussion of the relative merits of synthetic vs natural products has been at the forefront of surfactant technology for many years and has produced a wealth of literature. It is beyond the scope of this work to discuss whether oleochemicals have an inherent environmental benefit over petrochemicals. A good deal of scientific study on life cycle analysis and macro environmental impact is available but social and ethical arguments, as well as the perceptions of the end consumer, also play a part. On a strictly scientific basis, the author sees no inherent advantage in either source. The performance of a surfactant based on synthetic materials may differ from a naturally derived one but neither is intrinsically better than the other. In terms of impact on humans and the environment, there is also no clear evidence to suggest a difference between the two sources of hydrophobe. 

Increased use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs Social withdrawal/silence Vigilance about safety of environment Avoidance of activities or places that trigger memories Proneness to accidents Cognitive Memory problems Disorientation Confusion... 

Social learning theory is the position that alcohol and drug disorders are the result of complex learning from an interaction of the person with his or her environment. Situations and psychological processes are most important. For example, harmftil... 

Since speech and language acquisition develop relatively late in children, separating prenatal and postnatal effects on their development is often impossible. Known factors include the general social effects of poverty combined with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, producing deficits in children in language performance.28 Other factors common in a poverty environment and known to affect language performance are prenatal exposure to cocaine and tobacco.29... 

Coggins, T. E., Timler, G. R., Olswang, L. B. (2007). A state of double jeopardy impact of prenatal alcohol exposure and adverse environments on the social communicative abilities of school-age children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Lang. Speech. Hear. Serv. Sch. 38 117—127. 

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