Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Barr, H. M., 8c Streissguth, A. P. (2001). Identifying maternal self-reported alcohol use associated with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, 25, 28.3-287. 

Rasmussen, C. (2005). Executive functioning and working memory in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, 29, 1359-1367. 

Sanderson JL, Donald Partridge L, Valenzuela CF (2009) Modulation of GABAergic and glu-tamatergic transmission by ethanol in the developing neocortex an in vitro test of the excessive inhibition hypothesis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neuropharmacology 56 541-555... 

The consequences of fetal alcohol exposure range from subtle to serious damage. The term fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (LASD) refers to any alcohol-related defects. The less severe... 

Since speech and language acquisition develop relatively late in children, separating prenatal and postnatal effects on their development is often impossible. Known factors include the general social effects of poverty combined with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, producing deficits in children in language performance.28 Other factors common in a poverty environment and known to affect language performance are prenatal exposure to cocaine and tobacco.29... 

Arriving at the ADHD diagnosis is particularly problematic when you consider that not all children diagnosed with ADHD show the same behavior, and that some toxins produce some but not all of the behavior of the ADHD disorder. For example, fetal exposure to alcohol can produce fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, but some of the symptoms of that disorder are very similar to some of the symptoms of ADHD. 

The result Currently, 3.5 percent of the children in Lazio have the markers of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FAST)).2 That s the highest prevalence of FASD in the Western world and more than three times the prevalence in the United States. 

Ceccanti, M., Alessandra-Spagnolo, P., Tarani, L., Luisa-Attilia, M., Chessa, L., Mancinelli, R., Stegagno, M., Francesco Sasso, G., Romeo, M., Jones, K. L., Robinson, L. K., Del Campo, M., Phillip-Gossage, J., May, P. A., Eugene-Hoyme, H. (2007). Clinical delineation of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in Italian children comparison and contrast with other racial/ ethnic groups and implications for diagnosis and prevention. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 31 270—277. 

Coggins, T. E., Timler, G. R., Olswang, L. B. (2007). A state of double jeopardy impact of prenatal alcohol exposure and adverse environments on the social communicative abilities of school-age children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Lang. Speech. Hear. Serv. Sch. 38 117—127. 

Kodituwakku, P. W. (2007). Defining the behavioral phenotype in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders a review. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 31 192—201. 

Wattendorf, D. J. Muenke, M. (2005). Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Am. Family Physician. 72 279—285. 

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) available at http //www.cdc.gov/ ncbddd/fas/fasask.htm (accessed September 15, 2009). 

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are a group of conditions that can occur in a person whose mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.. .. These conditions can affect each person in different ways, and can range from mild to severe. 

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