Social behavior signals

Wysocki C.J., Bean N.J. and Beauchamp G. (1986). The mammalian vomeronasal system its role in learning and social behaviors. In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 4 (Duvall D., et al., eds.). Plenum, New York, pp. 471-485. 

Fish provide numerous examples of other chemically mediated social behaviors. A dramatic example is the ability of many fish to home or return to a particular geographic location, most typically the site of their nativity. The chemical signals used in homing behavior have not been comprehensively identified but are thought to include both molecules of plant origin that are characteristic of the natal site as well as odorants, including bile acids, that derive from conspecific fish.136137... 

Although pheromones are probably ubiquitous among species in the Insecta, serious chemical investigations of these compounds have been limited to species in about only one-fourth of the orders. Pest species, particularly those in the orders Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, have been subjected to considerable pheromonal scrutiny, and our knowledge of the chemistry of sex pheromones is primarily derived from compounds isolated from moths and beetles. On the other hand, the ants and bees (Hymenoptera) have proven to be an especially rich source of chemical releasers of social behavior, and chemisociality is now being explored more and more frequently in terms of identified signal molecules. 

Moore PA, Bergman DA (2005) The smell of success and failure the role of intrinsic and extrinsic chemical signals on the social behavior of crayfish. Integr Comp Biol 45 650-657... 

Studies over the past 20 years have brought considerable insight into the use of chemical signals in crayfish social behavior. The current review will particularly concentrate on the role of chemical communication in dominance and courtship interactions. 

Bergman DA, Moore PA (2005b) The role of chemical signals in the social behavior of crayfish. Chem Senses 30 i305-i306... 

In addition, intra- and intercellular communication and social behavior of infection and transfection processes will need to be studied, as well as building platforms for measurement of mechanical and surface shape, time-resolved protein and gene expression and signaling, and multiple communication mechanisms observed in individual cells and in colonies (e.g., optical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, signal transduction, characterization, cytokine, toll receptors, and other... 

The above data have been collected over a number of years and for a number of separate purposes. When pooled, what do they tell us about the manner in which odor signals are involved in the social behavior of each species ... 

Ropartz, Ph. Chemical Signals in Agonistic and Social Behavior of Rodents. In D. Muller-Schwartze and M.M. Mozell eds. Chemical Signals in Vertebrates, p. 169-184. New York Plenum Press. 1977. 

Immune cells in the brain called microglia don t attack pathogens,. Y. Zhan et al. Deficient neuron-microglia signaling results in impaired functional brain connectivity and social behavior. 2014. NatNeurosci. 17(3),p. 400. DOl 10.1038/nn.3641. 

Chemical signals are crucially important in the social behavior of mammals, and they mediate parental and conspecific recognition, as well as sexual, aggressive, and territorial behaviors (Johnston 1990). Bioassays to assess the role of the... 

Nevertheless, a mutual understanding about colors does work because conunon rules have been implemented by education, habituation, socially approved behavior, and properties that appear to individuals simultaneously, e.g., the vertical signal order of traffic lights. However, those rules are of limited value when color perception is the base for aesthetic appreciation as is the case for many industrial products and food products. In order to meet the demands of as many consumers as possible, producers look for a standard consumer who is most representative of the group. This requires establishment of a reliable measurement procedure that can be reproduced easily and be adapted to the various conditions under which it is applied light conditions, more or less opaque or translucent objects, object surface structures, etc. These measurement procedures were created more than a century ago and have... 

In animal species commonly used in laboratory research, social aggregation and dispersion are achieved by agonistic behavior patterns with various acts, postures, movements, and signals. Confrontations between a territorial resident and an intmder, between a dominant and lower-ranking group member, between rival males or females, between a lactating female and a... 

Within Hymenoptera, pheromones produced by workers in social colonies are the best studied across many genera, principally in ants [6], with those eliciting trail following most extensively studied. The distinct behavior and the relative ease of the bioassay have resulted in chemical identifications in many species [ 113,114]. Those that have been recently identified are listed in Table 5. In addition, several alarm and recruitment signals have recently been identified. Many of the compounds recently identified in ants have previously been reported as trail or alarm pheromones in other ant species. For example, methyl 4-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate 64, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine 65, (9Z)-hexadec-9-enal 66,4-methylheptan-3-ol 67, and methyl 6-methylsalicy-late 68 have been identified as trail pheromone components, and heptan-2-one 69,4-methylheptan-3-one 70, formic acid 71, undecane 61,4-methylheptan-3-ol 67, methyl 6-methylsalicylate 68, and citronellal 72 have been identified as alarm pheromone components [6]. The use of the same chemicals across genera, with some used for very different functions, is an interesting phenomenon. 

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