Extended amygdala

The shell of the nucleus accumbens, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and the central nucleus of the amygdala, together referred to as the extended amygdala, may play a role in diug addiction. 

Newman S. (1999). The medial extended amygdala in male reproductive behavior — a node in the mammalian social behavior network. Ann NY Acad Sci 877, 242-257. 

Swann, Rahaman, F., Bijak, T. and Fiber, J. (2001) The main olfactory system mediates pheromone-induced fos expression in the extended amygdala and preoptic area of the male Syrian hamster. Neuroscience 105, 695-706. 

Koob, G.F. (1999b) The role of the striatopallidal and extended amygdala systems in drug addiction. Ann NY Acad Set 877 445-460. 

THE CONCEPT OF EXTENDED AMYGDALA IN INFORMATION PROCESSING WITHIN DOPAMINERGIC CIRCUITS... 

Both the medial and the central divisions of the extended amydala receive dopaminergic innervation from all the midbrain dopaminergic cells groups (A8, A9 and A10) the medial extended amygdala projects to the VTA, and the circuits efferent from the central extended amygdala also target the VTA, as well as the RRA (Alheid et al., 1995 De Olmos et al., 2004) (Fig. 19). 

The striatopallidal system and the extended amygdala have similar but also distinct and complementary chemical signatures (Alheid, 2003). On this basis, as well as on the basis of distinct circuitry, the extended amygdala is recognized as an entity independent from the... 

Alheid GF (2003) Extended amygdala and basal forebrain. Ann NY Acad Sci 955 185 205. 

De Olmos JS, Beltramino CA, Alheid G (2004) Amygdala and extended amygdala of the rat a cytoarchitectural, fibroarchitectonical, and chemoarchitectonic survey. In Paxinos G (Ed), The Rat Nervous System, 3rd edn., pp. 509-603. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 

Freedman LJ, Cassell MD (1994) Distribution of dopaminergic fibers in the central division of the extended amygdala of the rat. Brain Res 633 243-252. 

The terminal DA areas more directly involved in motivation belong to the striatal and the archistriatal areas (central nucleus of the amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis) that constitute Heimer s extended amygdala (Alheid and Heimer, 1988 Heimer et al., 1991). 

McDonald AJ, Shammah-Lagnado SJ, Shi C, Davis M (1999) Cortical afferents to the extended amygdala. Ann N Y Acad Sci 77 309-338. 

Zahm DS (1998) Is the caudomedial shell of the nucleus accumbens part of the extended amygdala A consideration of connections. Crit Rev Neurobiol 12(3) 245-265. 

Freedman LJ, Shi C (2001) Monoaminergic innervation of the macaque extended amygdala. Neuroscience 704 1067-1084. 

Fudge JL, Haber SN (2001) Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and extended amygdala inputs to dopamine subpopulations in primates. Neuroscience 704 807-827. 

Hurd YL, Svensson P, Ponten M (1999) The role of dopamine, dynoprhin, and CART systems in the ventral striatum and amygdala in cocaine abuse. In Advancing from the Ventral Striatum to the Extended Amygdala Implications for Neuropsychiatry and Drug Abuse, pp. 499-506. New York Academy of Sciences, New York. 

---