SMR applications

Electricity generation IRIS, CAREM, SVBR-75/100, AHWR, HTR-PM, PBMR-400, VBER, SCOR, FBNR, HTR-F 

Potable water production AHWR, SSTAR, HTR-F, FBNR 

Hydrogen production PBMR-400, STAR-H2, VHTR (Generation-IV), CHTR, HTR-F 

Use of the rejected heat, e.g. for seawater desalination or district heating PBMR-400, AHWR, STAR family , ELENA, UNITHERM, ABV-3, ABV-6, KLT-40S, SVBR-75/100, VBER, RIT, MARS, HTR-F, FBNR 

---

FLEXURAL STRENGTH OE COMPOSITE TUBES EOR SMR APPLICATIONS USING PURE BENDING DRAFT ASTM TEST METHOD... 

Flexural Strength of Composite Tubes for SMR Applications using Pure Bending... 

A mortality study of a cohort of 3,827 licensed male pesticide applicators was conducted in Florida. This cohort did not exhibit the healthy worker effect, as the overall SMR was close to expected (Blair et al. 1983). Increased SMRs, although not statistically significant, were seen for leukemia, cancers of the brain, and lung cancer. Follow-up was achieved for over 95% of the identified cohort members, but no information was available for smoking history. 

We now consider some applications of the VSA descriptors to receptor affinity modeling. Figure 7 depicts a typical structure of a series of 72 compounds each of which has been assayed against each of thrombin, trypsin, and factor Xa (27). The PEOE VSA, SlogP VSA, and SMR VSA descriptors were calculated... 

SMR technology with the application of external high temperature energy sources (such as HTGR) provides for production of over 4 000 m3 of hydrogen from 1 000 m3 of natural gas (see Figure 2) (Ponamarev-Stepnoi, 2008). 

In summary, all three processes (SMR, POX, and ATR) are mature technologies today for the conversion of natural gas to hydrogen. SMR is less costly except in very large units, where ATR has an advantage. SMR is also somewhat more efficient when the energy for air separation is included. POX has the advantage of being applicable to lower-quality feeds such as petroleum coke, but this is not directly relevant to natural gas conversion. 

The DOE hydrogen program is positioned to stimulate the development of newer concepts, such as membrane separation coupled with chemical conversion, and this seems appropriate to the committee. However, most of the effort in this area appears directed toward POX and ATR. The committee believes that SMR could be the preferred process for this application, and that it should also be pursued in parallel with the effort involving POX and ATR. 

Table 6 shows an example of the cyclic steady state performance of the SERP concept using an admixture of a SMR catalyst (noble metal on alumina) and a CO2 chemisorbent (K2CO3 promoted hydrotalcite) in the reactor [20]. The reactor temperature was 490°C. The feed H20 CH4 ratio was 6 1. The concept can directly produce 95% H2 product (dry basis) with a CH4 to H2 conversion of 73%. The trace impurities in the product gas contained less than 40 ppm COx- The corresponding product gas composition (thermodynamic limit) of a SMR reactor operated without the CO2 chemisorbent will be -67.2% H2, 15.7% CH4, 15.9% CO2, and 1-2% CO (dry basis), and the CH4 to H2 conversion will be only 52%. Thus, the SERP concept may be attractive for direct production of a CO free H2 stream for fuel cell applications. 

---