Smelting, of lead

Thallium occurs in crooksite, lorandite, and hutchinsonite. It is also present in pyrites and is recovered from the roasting of this ore in connection with the production of sulfuric acid. It is also obtained from the smelting of lead and zinc ores. Extraction is somewhat complex and depends on the source of the thallium. Manganese nodules, found on the ocean floor, contain thallium. 

The Columbia River system was characterized by lead inputs from natural geologic deposits, industrial effluents, and the mining and smelting of lead. 

Smelting in Blast Furnaces.—The use of the blast furnace involves the necessity of a somewhat different treatment. The Scotch furnace or ore-hearth, described at page 465, may be taken as the type of this kind of furnace when adapted to the smelting of lead ores. Generally very rich ores are operated upon where the Scotch furnace is employed end these are subjected before smelting to a preliminary roasting in a furnace of the reverberatory class,... 

WASTOXHAS has been applied to bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) and matured slags from the second smelting of lead (Ferrari and Ferard, 1999 Ferrari, 2000), ... 

The WASTOXHAS procedure was applied in a case study involving two kinds of solid waste, a municipal solid waste incinerator Bottom Ash (BA) and a slag from a second Smelting of Lead (2SL). This case study describes the ecotoxicological portion of a multidisciplinary French national research program on the Waste... 

Table 5. Prerequisite study - Ecotoxicity data of leachates of a municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (BA) and a slag from a second smelting of lead (2SL) obtained after following the draft standardEN12457 (2002) using liquid-to-solid ratios (L/S) of 2 and 10.

Thallium is manufactured commercially as a by-product from the roasting of pyrite ores, from sulfuric acid plants, and from the smelting of lead, zinc, and copper. The global... 

In earher times the unfortunate workers involved with the mining and especially the smelting of lead were particularly vulnerable. Once the lead was being used, for example as glazes for pottery and paint, in the construction of lead pipes for water, and in lead cooking pots, large-scale poisoning was possible. 

Lead is also produced in a blast furnace using coke as the primary reductant. Much like the iron blast furnaces, the off-gases from the smelting of lead oxides will primarily contain CO and CO2. This gas is recycled back to the blast furnace to use the reducing power of the CO and the heating value otherwise lost. This helps to reduce the total amoimt of carbon that would be needed to produce lead. In many smelters, galena (the natural mineral PbS) is the feedstock. The... 

From the smelting of lead ores or spent batteries a metallic lead is obtained which has to be refined, i.e. purified from other metals, so as to obtain 99.9% grade lead. Those metals are treated in special facilities to recover them. Usually, lead concentrate carries precious metals, sometimes in economic concentrations. Lead can be refined either electrolitically or thermally. 

Write equations for all the reactions in the smelting of lead sulfide. Note that lead sulfate is sometimes one of the intermediate products. Include reactions with carbon, but do not include reactions of impurities in the ore,... 

ANALYSIS OF DUST FORMATION IN THE OXYGEN FLASH SMELTING OF LEAD-BEARING FEEDS IN THE KIVCET SMELTER... 

We assume, that at the heart of the dust formation problem in the flash smelting of lead feeds lies the general laws governing the carry-over values actually observed that depend on the scale (pilot or industrial) of the Kivcet unit and the quality of the lead-bearing feeds treated. 

Accordingly, this paper presents an analysis of dust formation during the flash smelting of lead-bearing feeds in the lUvcet process, using Kivcet experimental smelting data and special-purpose laboratory studies. 

Thus, a speculation on the limiting effect of heat transfer on the PbS volatilization rate allows a theoretically valid explanation of the observed low rates of volatilization under the conditions of flash smelting of lead sulphide feeds. 

---