Urine urea nitrogen

TIBC total iron-binding capacity TLC total lymphocyte connt TSF triceps skinfold thickness TUN total urine nitrogen UBW usual body weight UL tolerable upper intake level UUN urine urea nitrogen VCO2 carbon dioxide production V02 oxygen consumption... 

Metabolic Visceral proteins (albumin and transferrin) at least monthly 24-hour urine urea nitrogen weekly to monthly Indirect calorimetry tailored to patient-specific situations... 

UTO UTZ UUN uv UVA UVB UVC UVJ UVL UVR UWF UWM upper tibial osteotomy ultrasound urine urea nitrogen ultraviolet ultraviolet A light ureterovesical angle ultraviolet B light umbilical vein catheter ureterovesical junction ultraviolet light ultraviolet rays unknown white female unknown white male... 

INEFFECTIVE TISSUE PERFUSION RENAL The patient taking an aminoglycoside is at risk for nephrotoxicity. The nurse measures and records the intake and output and notifies the primary health care provider if the output is less than 750 ml/day. It is important to keep a record of the fluid intake and output as well as a daily weight to assess hydration and renal function. The nurse encourages fluid intake to 2000 ml/day (if the patient s condition permits). Any changes in the intake and output ratio or in the appearance of the urine may indicate nephrotoxicity. The nurse reports these types of changes to the primary health care provider promptly. The primary health care provider may order daily laboratory tests (ie, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]) to monitor renal function. The nurse reports any elevation in the creatinine or BUN level to tiie primary health care provider because an elevation may indicate renal dysfunction. 

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a potentially life-threatening clinical syndrome that occurs primarily in hospitalized patients and frequently complicates the course of the critically ill. It is characterized by a rapid decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the resultant accumulation of nitrogenous waste products (e.g., creatinine and urea nitrogen), with or without a decrease in urine output. A recent consensus statement... 

Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urinalysis, urine osmolality, specific gravity. 

Renal Effects. Blood urea nitrogen and serum electrolyte levels were normal in several individuals overcome by unknown concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas in a pelt room (Audeau et al. 1985). One of these four patients had protein and blood in the urine initially, which was not detected upon later testing. Albumin and some granular casts were noted in the urine in another patient, but these findings were transient (Audeau et al. 1985). 

A complete physical examination and laboratory analysis are needed to rule out secondary causes and to assess kyphosis and back pain. Laboratory testing may include complete blood count, liver function tests, creatinine, urea nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free testosterone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 24-hour urine concentrations of calcium and phosphorus. Urine or serum biomarkers (e.g., cross-linked N-telopeptides of type 1 collagen, osteocalcin) are sometimes used. 

Kidney Failure, Acute A clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate, often to values of less than 1 to 2 ml per minute. It is usually associated with oliguria (urine volumes of less than 400 ml per day) and is always associated with biochemical consequences of the reduction in glomerular filtration rate such as a rise in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine concentrations. [NIH]... 

Experimental design Rats (7-13 male and 10-13 female) were exposed to 1,4-dichlorobenzene vapors for 7 hours a day, 5 days a week at concentrations of 0, 96, or 158 ppm for a total of 126-139 exposures. At the end of the exposure period, the animals were sacrificed, body and organ weights determined, and tissues examined microscopically. Hematology (parameters not specified), analysis of urine (blood, glucose, albumin, and sediment) and measurement of blood urea nitrogen were conducted for females exposed to the lowest concentration of 1,4-dichlorobenzene. 

L A. Nephrotoxicity is the most common and most serious toxicity associated with amphotericin B administration. This is manifested by azotemia (elevated serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), and by renal tubular acidosis, which results in the wasting of potassium and magnesium in the urine (leading to hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia, requiring oral or intravenous replacement therapy). Normochromic normocytic anemia is also seen with long-term amphotericin B administration. Elevation of hver enzymes is not associated with the use of amphotericin B. 

Blood pressure, pulse, serum electrolytes, urine volume, urinary sodium, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, electrocardiogram, hepaticfunctiontests, infusion rate... 

Mydriasis may occur and may precipitate an attack of acute glaucoma in some patients. Other reported but rare adverse effects include various blood dyscrasias a positive Coombs test with evidence of hemolysis hot flushes aggravation or precipitation of gout abnormalities of smell or taste brownish discoloration of saliva, urine, or vaginal secretions priapism and mild—usually transient—elevations of blood urea nitrogen and of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. 

Urea is a colorless, odorless crystalline substance discovered by Hilaire Marin Rouelle (1718—1779) in 1773, who obtained urea by boiling urine. Urea is an important biochemical compound and also has numerous industrial applications. It is the primary nitrogen product of protein (nitrogen) metabolism in humans and other mammals. The breakdown of amino acids results in ammonia, NH3, which is extremely toxic to mammals. To remove ammonia from the body, ammonia is converted to urea in the liver in a process called the urea cycle. The urea in the blood moves to the kidney where it is concentrated and excreted with urine. 

The presence of protein, albumin, and acetone in the urine and increases in blood levels of urea nitrogen, nonprotein nitrogen, and creatinine have been observed in individuals acutely ingesting rat (or roach) poisons or fireworks containing white phosphorus (Dathe and Nathan 1946 Diaz-Rivera et al. 1950 Dwyer and Helwig 1925 Fletcher and Galambos 1963 Matsumoto et al. 1972 McCarron et al. 1981 Newburger et al. 1948 Pietras et al. 1968 Rao... 

Labs lytes, blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/creatinine, urine albumin, plasma aldosterone/plasma renin ratio to screen for excess aldosterone or mineralocorticoid production, or renin for renal artery stenosis (RAS) or renin-secreting tumor. 

Exposure of rats to sodium dichromate at 0.4 mg chromium(VI)/m3 for 90 days did not cause abnormalities, as indicated by histopathological examination of the kidneys. Serum levels of creatinine and urea and urine levels of protein were also normal (Glaser et al. 1985, 1990). Furthermore, no renal effects were observed in rats exposed to 0.1 mg chromium/m3 as sodium dichromate (chromium(VI)) or as a 3 2 mixture of chromium(VI) trioxide and chromium(III) oxide for 18 months, based on histological examination of the kidneys, urinalysis, and blood chemistry (Glaser et al. 1986, 1988). Rats exposed to 15.5 mg chromium(IV)/m3 as chromium dioxide for 2 years showed no histological evidence of kidney damage or impairment of kidney function, as measured by routine urinalysis. Serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and bilirubin were also normal (Lee et al. 1989). 

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