Pulmonary complication

Some rare toxic effects that may result from tocainide therapy are a lupus-fike syndrome, skin rash, pulmonary complications, and hematologic abnormalities, eg, agranulocytosis (1,2,24). 

Death from overdose of barbiturates may occur and is more likely when more than 10 times the hypnotic dose is ingested. The barbiturates with high lipid solubility and short half-lives are the most toxic. Thus the lethal dose of phenobarbital is 6—10 g, whereas that of secobarbital, pentobarbital, or amo-barbital is 2-3 g. Symptoms of barbiturate poisoning include CNS depression, coma, depressed reflex activity, a positive Babinski reflex, contracted pupils (with hypoxia there may be paralytic dilation), altered respiration, hypothermia, depressed cardiac function, hypotension, shock, pulmonary complications, and renal failure. 

This material is hazardous through inhalation, penetration through broken skin, and ingestion. Wound contamination results in death of skeletal muscles and soft tissue. Symptoms of ingestion include nausea and diarrhea usually without vomiting. Inhalation produces pulmonary complications. 

Like all other cytokines, administration of IL-2 can induce side effects that can be dose limiting. Serious side effects, including cardiovascular, hepatic or pulmonary complications, usually necessitate immediate termination of treatment. Such side effects may be induced not only directly by IL-2, but also by a range of additional cytokines whose synthesis is augmented by IL-2 administration. These cytokines, which can include IL-3, -4, -5 and -6, as well as TNF and IFN-y, also likely play a direct role in the overall therapeutic benefits accrued from IL-2 administration. 

Other Systemic Effects. Fever has been reported in children following ingestion of kerosene (Akamaguna and Odita 1983 Aldy et al. 1978 Dudin et al. 1991 Mahdi 1988 Majeed et al. 1981 Nouri and Al-Rahim 1970 Saksena 1969 St. John 1982). In one study, fever was reported with pulmonary complications for children and adults who had ingested kerosene (Subcommittee on Accidental Poisoning 1962). It is not known whether the fever was secondary to the pulmonary effects. 

Mucolytic Adjuvant therapy for abnormal, viscid, or inspissated mucus secretions in chronic bronchopulmonary disease (chronic emphysema, emphysema with bronchitis, chronic asthmatic bronchitis, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, primary amyloidosis of lung) acute bronchopulmonary disease (pneumonia, bronchitis, tracheobronchitis) pulmonary complications of cystic fibrosis tracheostomy care pulmonary complications associated with surgery use during anesthesia posttraumatic chest conditions atelectasis due to mucus obstruction diagnostic bronchial studies (bronchograms, bronchospirometry, bronchial wedge catheterization). 

Adjunctive treatment of viscid mucus secretions from chronic hronchopulmonary disease and for pulmonary complications of cystic fibrosis Nebulization Alert Bronchodilators should be given 15 min before acetylcysteine. 3-5 ml (20% solution) 3-4 times a day or 6-10 ml (10% solution) 3-4 times a day. Range 1-10 ml (20% solution) q2-6h or 2-20 ml (10% solution) q2-6h. ... 

It produces severe toxic manifestations. Either suicidal or accidental intake of toxic doses of barbiturates is characterized by depressed respiration, circulatory shock, pupils are initially constricted then dilated due to asphyxia, hypothermia, renal failure and pulmonary complications such as acute pulmonary edema. 

The antibioticogram analysis showed that in the long term AVL conditions, the microflora were resistant to the majority of antibiotics used and the application of these drugs were ineffective in about 50% cases, which led to the development of different broncho-pulmonary complications. The identified microorganisms showed mild resistance to amikacin, meropenem and polymyxin and total resistance to cephalosporins with exception of Staphylococcus spp. (Table 26.3). 

One of the problems with the use of long-acting relaxants has been the high incidence of postoperative residual curarisation which can increase the incidence of pulmonary complications. Vecuronium... 

Berg H, Viby-Mogensen J, Roed J, et al. Residual neuromuscular block is a risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications. A prospective, randomised and blinded study of postoperative pulmonary complications after atracurium, vecuronium and pancuronium. Acta Anaesthesiol Scandinavica 1997 41 1095-103. 

Rapid intravenous administration may result in hypotension. Adverse idiosyncratic responses such as flushing, abdominal discomfort, and rash have also been observed. Pulmonary complications (eg, acute respiratory distress syndrome) have been reported in some patients undergoing deferoxamine infusions lasting longer than 24 hours, and neurotoxicity and increased susceptibility to certain infections (eg, with Yersinia enterocolitica) have been described after long-term therapy of iron overload conditions (eg, thalassemia major). 

Pulmonary Complications of Systemic Disease, edited by J. F. Murray... 

Fever (4-6 hours) and chills, anorexia, and vomiting. Patients over age 50 may have pulmonary complications.2... 

Meyers JB. 1950. Acute pulmonary complications following inhalation of chromic acid mist. Ann Ind Hyg Occup Med 2 742-747. 

Vanadium compounds, including those which may be involved in the production, processing, and use of vanadium and vanadium alloys, are irritants chiefly to the conjuctivae and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure may lead to pulmonary complications. However, responses are acute, never chronic. Toxic effects vary with the vanadium compound involved. For example, LD50 (oral) of vanadium pentoxide dust in rats is 23 mg/kg of body weight (24). 

There is a wide range of disability associated with the pulmonary complications of antitrypsin deficiency, from completely asymptomatic individuals to chronic pulmonary cripples. Most patients develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Unfortunately, once emphysema becomes symptomatic in the aj-antitrypsin-deficient individual, it usually... 

Tashkin DP. Pulmonary complications of smoked substance abuse. West J Med 1990 152(5) 525-30. 

The authors cautioned that some cocaine may contain silica, which could lead to severe pulmonary complications after smoking. 

A study by Avashia et al. (1996) (the medical director of the Union Carbide Institute at West Virginia Plant in 1984) concluded that prolonged low exposure of workers to MIC did not cause any pulmonary complications the level of exposure was not quantified. Even in Bhopal people who lived far away from the pesticide plant and were exposed to very low concentrations of MIC did not develop pulmonary complications because no chemical produces detectable toxicity at all doses. 

Ghassemi-Broumand, M., Agin, K., Kangari, H. (2004). The delayed ocular and pulmonary complications of mustard gas. J. Toxicol. Cutan. Ocul. Toxicol. 23 293-302. 

Respiratory disease and smoking predispose the patient to postoperative pulmonary complications, principally infective. The site of operation, e.g. upper abdomen, chest, and the severity of pain influence the impairment to ventilation and coughing. 

Dunn M, Glassroth J. Pulmonary complications of amiodarone toxicity. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1989 31(6) 447-53. 

Karp DD, Ervin TJ, Tuttle S, Gorgone BC, Lavin P, Yunis EJ. Pulmonary complications during granulocyte transfusions incidence and clinical features. Vox Sang 1982 42(2) 57-61. 

Pathological changes in the lungs were produced with chlorphentermine in laboratory animals (SED-9, 14). Pulmonary complications might therefore occur in humans, which puts in doubt the wisdom of continuing to recommend chlorphentermine as an anorectic drug until more definitive information is available. 

Pelz DM, Lownie SP, Fox AJ, Hutton LC. Symptomatic pulmonary complications from liquid acrylate embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations. AJNR Am J Neirroradiol 1995 16(l) 19-26. 

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