Skeletal muscles postnatal

The central nervous system and the cardiac and skeletal muscles are permanent tissues that do not divide in postnatal life. Due to the inability in proliferation, injury to such tissue results in a scar formation and a permanent loss of function. Extensive investigations are underway to compensate the inability of proliferation in these tissues by using stem cells. 

The patterns of several sets of isoenzymes change during normal development in tissues from many species. For example, changes in the relative proportions of several isoenzymes are noted during the embryonic development of skeletal muscle. The proportions of the electrophoretically more cathodal isoenzymes, of both LD and CK, progressively increase in this tissue, until approximately the sixth month of intrauterine life, when the pattern resembles that of differentiated muscle. Smaller quantitative changes in isoenzyme distribution may continue to birth and into early postnatal life. 

Christova T, Grozdanovic Z, Gossrau R. 1997. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) I during postnatal development in rat and mouse skeletal muscle. Acta Histochem 99(3) 311-324. 

Jennische, E. and Olivecrona, H. (1987) Transient expression of insulin-like growth factor I immunoreactivity in skeletal muscle cells during postnatal development in the rat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 131 619-622. 

On the basis of the data published by Dju et al. it may be concluded that the tocopherol concentrations of the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle appear to increase about twofold (from approximately 0.8 to 1.4 mg % of wet tissue) during the first decade of postnatal life. In the adipose tissue, a greater increase in the tocopherol levels occurred, the tissue attaining concentrations in young adults which are nearly 8 times higher than those... 

The neurotoxicity of acrylamide in humans is well known from occupational and accidental exposures [51], For instance, Calleman et al. [52] reported peripheral neuropathy symptoms to highly exposed workers in China. It is characterized by skeletal muscle weakness, numbness of hands and feet, and ataxia. Acrylamide has been shown to be toxic to both the central and the peripheral nervous system [53], although the nerve terminal is now considered to be the primary site of acrylamide action [54,55]. Acrylamide induces nerve terminal degeneration and has effects on the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus [56]. In double-blind studies of factory workers, no neurotoxicity was found in workers exposed to less than 3.0 mg/kg/ day as determined by biomonitoring [55]. A very recent study demonstrates structural and ultra structural evidence of neurotoxic effects of fried potato chips on rat postnatal development. 

Nutrition restriction in late-gestation and postnatal overfeeding change metabolic preferences in skeletal muscle longissinuis dorsi of sheep... 

Rehfeldt, C., I. Fiedler, G. Dietl and K. Ender, 2000. Myogenesis and postnatal skeletal muscle cell growth as influenced by selection. Livest. Prod. Sci. 66,177-188. 

For angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, the following cells can be proposed ECs, bone marrow-derived stem cells, and circulating blood-derived progenitor cells, For myogenesis, skeletal myoblasts, smooth muscle cells, or fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes can be used, The relative contribution of various sources of precursor cells in postnatal muscles and the factors that may enhance stem cell participation in the formation of new skeletal and cardiac muscle in vivo have... 

Skeletal myogenic progenitors originating from emtayonic dorsal aorta coexpress endothelial and myogenic markers and contribute to postnatal muscle growth and regeneration. J. Cell Biol. 147, 869-878. 

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