Dorsal aorta

A major population of hematopoietic stem cells found associated with the ventral endothelium of the dorsal aorta — 520 —... 

Fig. 8 Clofibrate impairs endotrophic lipid consumption in zebrafish larva (a-e) Whole-mount ORO staining of representative larvae are shown in lateral view with the anterior part to the left. Enlargement at the trunk level is shown in panels b and e. Control larva at 3 dpf (a) and 4 dpf (d, b). Clofibrate 0.75 mgA-treated larva at 3 dpf (c). Clofibrate 0.5 mg/l-treated larva at 4 dpf (f, e). e eye, da dorsal aorta, dlav dorsal longitudinal anastomotic vessel, h heart, i intestine, isv intersegmental vessel, pcv posterior cardinal vein, sb swim bladder, ys yolk sac. Reprinted from [24] with permission from Elsevier...

Examine liver, gallbladder (mouse), stomach, spleen, pancreas, intestines, kidneys, adrenal gland, ureters, bladder, umbilical artery, genital organs, dorsal aorta, and caudal vena cava. Possible abnormalities that can be observed include absent renal papilla, dilated ureter(s), and displaced testis. 

The urogenital organs (adrenal glands, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, gonads and associated structures) are also observed and the sex of the fetus is recorded (Figs. 4, 5, and 6). The rectum, posterior vena cava, and dorsal aorta are also examined. 

Skeletal myogenic progenitors originating from emtayonic dorsal aorta coexpress endothelial and myogenic markers and contribute to postnatal muscle growth and regeneration. J. Cell Biol. 147, 869-878. 

PRP and PPP preparation. If rats or mice are used, they are anaesthetized by an i.p. injection of sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/Kg), and blood is drawn into heparin (5 units/ml final) or citrate/dextrose (final concentration 0.38% and 0.48% (wt/vol), respectively) anticoagulant from the dorsal aorta or by heart puncture, with a 22-gauge needle (the choice of heparin as anticoagulant appears to be more appropriate, because chelation of divalent cations by trisodium citrate or EDTA might affect platelet-tumor cell interaction). Blood is then diluted with an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl, and centrifuged for 7 min at 400 x g on preformed gradients of 70% Percoll containing 0.9% NaCl. The yellowish supernatant is the PPP, while PRP forms a white band between PPP and the percoll layer. Platelets in PRP are counted with a Coulter counter and diluted with PPP to a concentration of 10 /ml. PPP is a source of prothrombin, and should thus be included in the assay. 

Similar approaches using INO and HNK-1 at trunk levels did not alter crest cell distribution but this could have been due to leakage or to insufficient antibody, since, for technical reasons, injections were smaller than at cranial levels. In addition, the injections were made into the 10th last somite, when the first crest cells have already reached the dorsal aorta (Newgreen et al., 1990) this may have been too late to affect crest cell distribution. In the succeeding chapter, Nurcombe discusses the role of laminin in more detail. 

Fig. A Cross section of the middle thoracic region of a control embryo showing the closed neural tube (top) with the paired dorsal aortae. The foregut overlies the pericardial coelom and heart. Cross section of the middle thoracic region of a hamster embryo recovered 10 hr after a teratogenic dose of sodium arsenate. The region shows retardation in approximation and fusion of the neural folds and shows flattening and exposure of the neuroectoderm. (x 350).

Initially, at early embryonic stages, the ventral and dorsal aortas communicate by a certain number of arterial bridges, the aortic arches (1 to 4 in the craniocaudal direction). Other embryonic arteries are the primitive maxillary artery, dorsal ophthalmic artery, ventral ophthalmic artery, anterior cerebral artery and the longitudinal neural arteries (Fig. 18.1). 

During the subsequent stages, some of these arteries undergo modifications through regression in the regions of the ventral ophthalmic artery, dorsal aorta and the ventral portion of the first two aortic arches. 

The dorsal aorta will give rise to the third aortic arch which, subsequently, will reach the remnant of the ventral pharyngeal artery, becoming the external carotid artery. As the proximal dorsal aorta involutes, the ventral aorta becomes the definitive common carotid artery dividing into a primitive internal carotid artery and external carotid artery (Fig. 18.2). 

Canal for lateral dorsal aorta within basicranial cartilage Absent (0) present (1). 

Division of dorsal aorta (0) behind occiput (1) anterior to occiput. 

---