Size variation

Lin et al. [70, 71] have modeled the effect of surface roughness on the dependence of contact angles on drop size. Using two geometric models, concentric rings of cones and concentric conical crevices, they find that the effects of roughness may obscure the influence of line tension on the drop size variation of contact angle. Conversely, the presence of line tension may account for some of the drop size dependence of measured hysteresis. 

Solid Soil Type and Size. Different soHd soils differ greatly in ease of removal and redeposition behavior. These differences can be traced to particle size and soil—substrate bonding. The effect of particle size variation on detergency has been studied with soil removal and redeposition techniques. 

Nozzle Static Pressure Loss Overall nozzle static pressure loss (SPN) was tested for all of the experimental LVHV nozzles.Experimental testing has confirmed what would be expected, that nozzle shape and size variation can cause great differences in overall static pressure loss, especially at high airflow velocities. Figure 10.25l/ compares SPN versus Vq (cm Hg versus m s" inch Hg versus fpm) characteristics for five circular nozzles. The plain wedge had the steepest rising curve, followed by the plain circular nozzle. Both of... 

A a Range of bubble-size variation Dr Vessel diameter... 

Hulbert [77] points out that, in general, attempts to include an allowance for the influence of particle size variations in the reactant mixtures on kinetic analyses using the above equations have been unsatisfactory because some of the parameters are not readily defined. Kapur [42], working with powders of known crystal size distribution, indicated that the overall extent of reaction can be estimated by a summation of the individual contributions from each size fraction and thus the best kinetic fit determined. 

In the 1980s, CdSe quantum dots vere prepared by top-dovm techniques such as lithography ho vever, size variations, crystal defects, poor reproducibility, and poor optical properties of quantum dots made them inadequate for advanced applications. Introduction of bottom-up colloidal synthesis of CdSe quantum dots by Murray et al. [3] and its further advancements brought radical changes in the properties of quantum dots and their applications in devices and biology. The colloidal syntheses of CdSe quantum dots are broadly classified into organic-phase synthesis and aqueous-phase synthesis. 

J. J. Howard, W. E. Kenyon, C. Straley 1993, (Proton magnetic resonance and pore size variations in reservoir sandstones), SPEFE September, 194—200. 

In order to estimate emissions from pickling facilities, U.S. EPA developed 17 model plants to represent five types of pickling operations and one acid regeneration process.12 The model plants include one or more size variation for each process model. The model plants were developed from information obtained from a survey of steel pickling operations and control technologies. U.S. EPA estimated emission rates for model facilities. Using these emission rates and the production and hours of operation for the model pickling plants, emission factors were calculated. These appear in Table 28.12. 

Zero-valent Pd complexes in organic solutions (e.g., THF) decomposed under CO in the presence of PPh3 to give novel PPh3/CO-stabilized Pd particles which were studied by spectroscopic methods 942 although the Pd particles were relatively unstable and were subject to size variations in solution, three distinct size-selected distributions were obtained with observed mean... 

The extent of homogeneous mixing of pharmaceutical components such as active drug and excipients has been studied by near-IR spectroscopy. In an application note from NIRSystems, Inc. [47], principal component analysis and spectral matching techniques were used to develop a near-IR technique/algorithm for determination of an optimal mixture based upon spectral comparison with a standard mixture. One advantage of this technique is the use of second-derivative spectroscopy techniques to remove any slight baseline differences due to particle size variations. 

Size variation with solvent Large changes of stable size Standards release + + —... 

Apo(a) isoform size variability was subsequently found to result from differences in sizes of the hepatic apo(a) mRNA in both humans (K25) and baboons (H31) with few exceptions, apo(a) protein sizes were directly correlated to the size of the apo(a) transcript. Although studies suggested differences in the numbers of kringle IV repeats in the gene (G8, LI9), size variation in the apo(a) gene was definitively shown to result from differences in the number of tandemly... 

Table 2.8 Grain size variations of 3-MgHj as a function of milling time of ABCR powder under HES57 mode from Fig. 2.13...

Table 2.9 Grain size variations of premiUed ABCR powder after short cycling...

Heterogeneous bed (real bed) - large size variation (polydispersed) and varying chemical composition and physical properties. 

C Linewidth Control, This parameter refers to the necessity of maintaining the correct features size across an entire substrate and from one substrate to another. This is important since the successful performance of most devices depends upon control of the size of critical structures, as for example in the gate electrode structure in an MOS device. As feature size is decreased and circuit elements packed closer together, the margin of error on feature size control is reduced. The allowable size variation on structures is generally a fixed fraction of the nominal feature size. A rule of thumb is that the dimensions must be controlled to tolerances of at least 1/5 the minimum feature size. Linewidth control is affected by a variety of parame-... 

Insensitivity to variable sample matrix effects such as particle-size variations. 

Variations in ferritin iron cores include the number of iron atoms, composition, and the degree of order (3,6,21-23). Size variations of the iron core range from 1-4500 Fe atoms and appear to be under biological control (e.g. Ref. 15). The distribution of iron core sizes in a particular ferritin preparation can be easily observed after sedimentation of ferritin through a gradient of sucrose. 

---