Single production, economic determinant

This produced a list of strategic options different business models and value chain positions that would match the most attractive areas. These options were then assessed by a set of criteria that included economic value, feasibility, risk, investments, and fit with the overall strategy and portfolio of initiatives. To test the economic viability of individual products, specific business ideas related to single products/markets were written and pressure-tested. The final decision was made after extensive discussions and more than 80 interviews with experts. While such interviews are essential, it is also important to remain skeptical and avoid the common wisdom trap. It is too early to determine the financial success, but the company has already achieved alignment between the overall strategy, the level of investment, and the organizational setup. 

The type of development, type and number of development wells, recovery factor and production profile are all inter-linked. Their dependency may be estimated using the above approach, but lends itself to the techniques of reservoir simulation introduced in Section 8.4. There is never an obvious single development plan for a field, and the optimum plan also involves the cost of the surface facilities required. The decision as to which development plan is the best is usually based on the economic criterion of profitability. Figure 9.1 represents a series of calculations, aimed at determining the optimum development plan (the one with the highest net present value, as defined in Section 13). 

Energy consumption and ecological and economic factors determine an expediency and sometimes a technical necessity to decrease the number of process operations and to change to processes in which several stages, previously quite separate, are combined or superimposed in a single process. At present this approach is only a tendency which does not exclude the traditional course of industrial development. Nevertheless, the tendency is seen quite clearly in the increasing volume of products produced by such integrated production process and in the share of total production from these processes. 

Nonetheless, understanding high-pressure phase behavior is vitally important to evaluating C02 as a potential replacement solvent for reactions. Certainly, commercial reactions are not run at dilute conditions, so the solubility of the reactants, products, and catalysts in the C02 (if one desires to run the reaction as a single-phase system) will frequently be the key factor in determining the economic viability of the C02-based reaction system. 

The term IM is an oversimplified description of a quite complicated process that is controllable within specified limits. Melted or plasticized plastic material is injected by force into a mold cavity (Figure 4.1). The mold may consist of a single cavity or a number of similar or dissimilar cavities, each connected to flow channels or runners which direct the flow of the melted plastic to the individual cavities (Chapter 17). The process is one of the most economical methods for mass production of simple to complex products. Three basic operations exist. They are the only operations in which the mechanical and thermal inputs of the injection equipment must be coordinated with the fundamental behavior properties of the plastic being processed. These three operations also are the prime determinants of the productivity of the process since manufacturing speed will depend on how fast we can heat the plastic to molding temperature, how fast we can inject it, and how long it takes to cool (or solidify) the product in the mold. 

Trace-Element Characterization of Silicon. In order to define "solar grade" silicon with sufficient precision to make the optimum economic choice among possible production processes, Davis et al. doped a series of silicon ingots with single transition metal impurities and produced curves relating normalized photovoltaic efficiency to the concentration of the contaminant (36). Establishing the x-axis of these curves was not entirely straightforward. As a contribution to this work, NBS measured concentrations of a number of dopants in these samples, with the detection limits found in Table I. An illustration of the difficulty faced in this work is that forty percent of the concentrations determined at NBS differed from the nominal concentration by a factor of two or more. 

Determine how coproducts might affect the overall economics of biological hydrogen production, specifically on the co-production of single-cell protein (SCP). 

The economic feasibility of a lipid production process is determined by the cost of the raw materials as well as the fermentation processes itself. Glucose is the most commonly employed carbon source, but substrates like xylose, lactose, mannose, glycerol, mannitol, L-arabinose, ethanol, as well as wastewaters derived from animal fat treatment and olive oil mills are considered for single-cell oil production in yeast (reviewed in [67]). 

The dry gas is usually compressed before use. The level of compression depends on the application. A large fraction of the world s output of chlorine is consumed on site. The production of ethylene dichloride (EDC) is the single largest-volume use. The dry gas supply pressure then is determined by the needs of the EDC process. Merchant chlorine will be liquefied. The choice of compressor output pressure is then an economic/technical balance with the requirements of the liquefaction process. Because some of the impurities in the chlorine gas are noncondensables, a chlorine-containing tail gas always results. Some of this chlorine value can be recovered directly or in the form of various byproducts. A system is also required for safe disposal of any unrecovered chlorine as well as any released from the process during emergencies. 

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