Single-polymer approach

If the focus is on a wide variety of additives in polyolefins only the OSM/TSM procedure of Marcato and Vianello [210] appears to be far reaching, despite the fact that this total design approach must have required considerable effort in terms of method development. On the other hand, in comparison considerably more method development and optimisation appears to be necessary for SFE of a single polymer/additive matrix, but even then still without the demonstrated benefit of a total approach [322]. Where analyte integrity is of greater concern recourse should be taken to less... 

As Tonelli et al. [44,45] have pointed out, the study of crystalline inclusion complexes provides an approach to investigate the behaviors of single polymer chains in isolated and well - defined environments. Then, it is helpful in understanding the mechanism of molecular recognition between hosts and polymeric guests. 

An alternative solution to the workup issue relied on the attachment of CH-acidic compounds 64 to a soluble polymer support (PEG-4000). The approach improved the yields of the dihydropyrimidinones 66 by the use of a 2-fold excess of other components—urea and aldehyde in the microwave-assisted solvent-free cyclocondensation [118]. Another single-step approach towards 4,5-disubstituted pyrimidines was based on cyclocondensation of a variety of aromatic, heterocyclic and aliphatic ketones, formamide and HMDS as the ammonium source [119]. The high temperature (215 °C) required to effect the formation of pyrimidines was secured by microwave dielectric heating in sealed vessels (Scheme 45). 

In many cases the properties of a single type of polymer cannot meet the demands of a particular application. One approach to solving this problem is to combine two monomers into a single polymer through copolymerization. The properties of the resulting copolymer will then depend on the chemical nature of the monomers used and the microstructure... 

Solid-state NLO response Although the origin of the NLO response of molecular materials is ultimately related to the behavior of a single molecule, single molecule non-linear optics is a tedious challenge, which has only been approached in a few cases. This implies that, from the materials science perspective, the property of interest must be that of the bulk level (e.g. crystal state or poled polymer approach). 

Years ago, it was predicted (by Herman Mark) that an important advance would come from the combination of thermoplastics technology with thermosetting technology, that is, by use of all four of the strengthening mechanisms named earlier (Figure 1) in a single polymer. Numerous laboratories have worked on various aspects of this approach, but the big breakthrough is apparently still to be made. 

Surface reactions, clean single-crystal approach to, 15, 31 Surfaces, solid, nature of, 11, 263 Synthesis gas, 5, 385 Synthetic polymer catalysts, 6, 125... 

Goldenberg L, Gritsai Y, Sahno O, Kulikovska O, Stumpe J. 2008b. All optical fabrication of 2D, 3D and hierarchic structures using step by step approach and a single polymer phase mask. Proc 1st Med Photon Conf Ischia, Italy, 28 30. 

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