Single-layer-type devices

Fig. 2 Two types of dissolution-controlled, pulsed delivery systems (A) single bead-type device with alternating drug and rate-controlling layers (B) beads containing drug with differing thickness of dissolving coats.

In general, a two-layer device structure is more efficient than single-layer architectures. There are two key reasons for this. First, each layer can be separately optimized for the injection and transport of one carrier type. Second, exciton formation and radiative decay take place close to the HTL-ETL interface away from the quenching sites at the organic-metal contacts. 

Aside from dye-based cells, a good deal of study has been devoted to photovoltaic effects in polymer-based devices. Single-layer sandwich-type devices composed of aluminum—polyphenjienevinjiene—ITO have been fabricated with solution-cast polymer layers of These devices display... 

There are four different types of organic or organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells single-layer, bilayer, bulk heterojunction (BHJ), and dye-sensitized. The basic operation of each device type is described below. 

Multichip packaging involves the attachment and interconnection of a variety of chip devices on an interconnect substrate that may be single layer or multilayer. There are two basic types of multichip packaging hybrid microcircuits and multichip modules. 

Single-layer devices have the simplest device structure, and the fabrication process is simpler than that of the multilayer type. In these devices, both electrons and holes should be injected to the emitter layer. To this end, we have used dye-dispersed polymer systems in which polymers are molecularly dispersed with carrier-transporting... 

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