Simultaneous utilization

An important emerging strategy is the simultaneous utilization of SILAC-based approaches for the quantitative identification of legitimate PTMs. This approach has been used successfully in the interrogation of phosphorylation for the analysis of phosphoproteomic signaling.75 76... 

The method employs a gradual increase in frequency beyond the data band limit. High-frequency components are not sought until the best values of low-frequency components are found. Because frequencies are not sought above the lowest needed to satisfy the data, the method is inherently smooth. Furthermore, Biraud s method appears to be the first to have simultaneously utilized both the constraint of positivity and that of finite extent with specific limits, the latter being inherent in the sampling. These facts are probably responsible for the impressiveness of the restoration in the original publication (Biraud, 1969), which is reproduced in Fig. 4. 

The Generalized Cross Decomposition GCD simultaneously utilizes primal and dual information by exploiting the advantages of Dantzig-Wolfe and Generalized Benders decomposition. 

In spite of this essential advantage of the CNDO method, it must nevertheless be understood that the simultaneous utilization of this procedure and of the combined PPPCI-DRBP method is most useful. For a number of electronic properties of the conjugated heterocycles the PPPCI method is more appropriate than CNDO—in particular, the case for electronic transitions and other spectroscopic studies. Also, in cases in which both methods are known to give satisfactory results for some electronic indices and the corresponding physicochemical properties, e.g., dipole moments, their simultaneous utilization provides a useful mutual check. Finally, some properties, such as the ionization potentials, are probably in between the values indicated by the PPPCI method (too low) and those indicated by the CNDO method (too high). 

Photogenerated holes can also be simultaneously utilized to oxidize substrates at the semiconductor surface [43,100-102]. The holes trapped at the Ti02 surface can survive for a duration of microseconds to milliseconds and can react with OH- to generate OH radicals in aqueous medium. These OH radicals can further induce secondary oxidation. Oxidation of halide ions (X-) has been investigated in various colloidal semiconductor suspensions by laser flash photolysis [103,104]. 

The simultaneous utilization of FCS and battery within a fuel cell propulsion system can be accomplished by two basic ways (i) the battery pack can be minimized (but not eliminated as in full power) assigning the role of generating most energy required by the load to the FCS (soft hybrid configuration), (ii) the FCS can be sized to provide the base load, i.e. a power value close to the average power of the expectable road mission (hard hybrid configuration), while larger battery pack are necessary to satisfy the dynamic requirements. 

As noted In the chapter Introduction, all eukaryotic cells continuously secrete certain proteins, a process commonly called constitutive secretion. Specialized secretory cells also store other proteins In vesicles and secrete them only when triggered by a specific stimulus. One example of such regulated secretion occurs In pancreatic p cells, which store newly made Insulin In special secretory vesicles and secrete Insulin In response to an elevation In blood glucose (see Figure 15-7). These and other secretory cells simultaneously utilize two different types of vesicles to move proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface regulated transport vesicles, often simply called secretory vesicles, and unregulated transport vesicles, also called constitutive secretory vesicles. 

Process integration and system synthesis require a skillful manipulation of system components. For example, heat exchanger network synthesis requires the utilization of very specialized methods of analysis [111, 112]. The search for an efficient system operation requires a multidisciplinary approach that will inevitably involve simultaneous utilization of heat transfer theory and thermal and mechanical design skills as well as specific thermodynamic considerations and economic evaluation. The optimal design of a system cannot be achieved without careful thermo-economic considerations at both system and component (i.e., heat exchanger) levels. 

In recent years, availability of modem tools inclnding oxygen and ion-specific electrodes, culture vessels, and analytical methods has made it possible to determine the environmental conditions that support denitrification. These studies have shown that it is possible that a group of bacteria (mostly heterotrophic nitrifiers) are able to simultaneously utilize oxygen, nitrite, or nitrate as electron acceptors, even when oxygen levels in cultures approach near saturation levels (Zehr and Ward,... 

This remarkably simple result as against the use of the Pontryagln principle required for Dhurjati s model is indeed a great asset for this model. (Parallel to the possibility of singular solutions in Dhurjatl s formulation, one needs to investigate simultaneous utilization here when aU.V(K + versus Intersect for different 1). 

The nonlinearity with respect to Uj in Eq.(11) is to be noted particularly, which may eliminate the exclusive bang-bang optimality result. Thus simultaneous utilization of substrates could also be predicted by such models. If ample resources are present, then the above Michaelis-Menten kinetic expression in Eq. (11) prevents over-allocation for any particular enzyme. 

The simultaneous introduction of several conditioning liquids presents a challenge, particularly in clayey soils. Elektorowicz and Hakimipour (2003a) designed a system for the simultaneous desorption of heavy metals and PAHs, their simultaneous transport through the clayey soU, and removal. The system included the simultaneous utilization of a surfactant, a chelating agent, and special electrode supply/removal systems in combination with electrokinetic transport. 

Kim, S.M. et al (2015) Simultaneous utilization of glucose and xylose via novel mechanisms in engineered Escherichia coli. Metab. Eng., 30, 141-148. 

Simutis,R., Dors, M., Lubbert, A., Increasing the efficiency of hybrid models in bioprocess supervision and control, in preparation). The simultaneous utilization of mathematical models, heuristic rule systems, and artificial neural networks has been referred to as a hybrid model. 

Figure 5.48 summarizes practical situations in bioprocessing (A. Moser, 1981). Classification of situations can be achieved by distinction between sequential and simultaneous utilization, with a transition case of overlapping utilization. While sequential or consecutive consumption of substrates (Monod, 1942, 1949) can often be analyzed in two separate growth phases, the simultaneous utilization encountered in biological waste water treatment is more difficult for mathematical modeling. 

As the essential features of enzymatic mechanisms are unraveled, there should be simultaneous utilization of this information in nonenzymatic chemistry. Modern synthetic methods enable subtle, but powerful, electronic and steric forces, such as must exist at the active site in enzymatic reactions, to be brought to bear on functional groups in simple models. The chemist interested in asymmetric reductions and other asymmetric syntheses now faces this interesting challenge. 

Based on the abilities discussed above, including the simultaneous utilization of a sugar mixture comprised of glucose, xylose, arabinose, and cellobiose and tolerance toward inhibitory by-products generated during pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass, Corynebacterium has the potential to be developed into a useful ethanologenic bacterium. 

Sasaki M, Jojima T, Kawaguchi H, Inui M, Yukawa H. (2008). Simultaneous utilization of D-ceUobiose, D-glucose, and D-xylose by recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen-deprived conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 81, 691-699. 

The permeation zone outlet is a mixture of hydrogen and steam. The hydrogen is recovered by condensation, compressed and stored. A molten salt stream is sent to process the sweeping water boilers, then the residual sensible heat (molten salt is stored in cold tank at 290°C, as shown in Fig. 7.12) is used to produce electricity.The proposed plant is co-generative, as it is able to produce both hydrogen and electricity, and it is also a hybrid plant because of the simultaneous utilization of solar source and natural gas. Some heat recoveries are foreseen in order to reduce the heat... 

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