Simultaneous type

The apparatus consists primarily of an ICP source and a spectrometer. The spectrometer may be of simultaneous type (polychromator) or a sequential type (monochromator). The ICP source consists of a radio frequency generator that can produce at least 1.1 kW of power. It also has other components, which include torch, coil, nebulizer, spray chamber, and drain. 

U. Soni, A. Pal, S. Singh, M. Mittal, S. Yadav, R. Elangovan, S. Sapra, Simultaneous Type-I/Type-II Emission from CdSe/GdS/ZnSe Nano-Heterostructures. ACS Nano 2014, 8,113-123. 

The detection system of ICP-AES is of two types simultaneous and sequential spectrometers with radial viewed torches in Fig. 3. A simultaneous type, where many elements can be determined in a single scan, is displayed in Fig. 3a, and a sequential type where one element in a scan is determined is in Fig. 3b. 

The above represents the classical definition of an IPN. The term interpenetrating polymer network was coined before the extent or conseqnences of phase separation were fully realized. This article covers sequential and simultaneous types of IPNs made in bulk and also includes such materials as IPNs based on latexes and suspension-sized particles thermoplastic IPNs, which contain physical cross-links in one or both polymers, and hence may be (partly) soluble and a number of other closely related materials. 

Inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometers of the sequential or simultaneous type were used very little as detectors for gas chromatographs [28]. The detection limits for metals in these systems approached the low nanogram levels. However, the detection limits for... 

When only the total system composition, pressure, and temperature (or enthalpy) are specified, the problem becomes a flash calculation. This type of problem requires simultaneous solution of the material balance as well as the phase-equilibrium relations. 

Sample size is 100 ml and distillation conditions are specified according to the type of sample. Temperature and volume of condensate are taken simultaneously and the test results are calculated and reported as boiling temperature as a function of the volume recovered as shown in Table 2.1. 

Note that the RVP is a relative pressure that is a difference compared to the atmospheric pressure. The RVPs for gasolines are generally between 350 and 1000 millibar. The level corresponding to European specifications are shown in Table 5.6 the fuel must be simultaneously within minimum and maximum limits, identical for each type of fuel, gasoline and premium, but... 

There are two principal neutron imaging techniques in NR - direct and transfer (indirect). In the former the neutron converter and the detector are simultaneously exposed in the neutron beam while in the transfer technique only the converter screen is exposed and activated by the neutrons, and transfered out of the neutron beam to subsequently expose the detector. Various types of IP can be used in both of neutron imaging techniques. 

The system should support all the inspection types available in the PSP-3 P-scan, T-scan and Through Transmission, TOFD and A-scan. It should be possible to record data for all the inspection types simultaneously. The developments in computer hardware, in particular disk storage, during the last years have made it feasable to increase the emphasis on the A-scan recording modes. It has also been feasible to extend the P-scan format to include P-scan image storage in a full 3D format, that allows cross-section views to be generated off-line. 

In contrast to the bimoleciilar recombination of polyatomic radicals ( equation (A3.4.34)1 there is no long-lived intennediate AB smce there are no extra intramolecular vibrational degrees of freedom to accommodate the excess energy. Therefore, the fonnation of the bond and the deactivation tlirough collision with the inert collision partner M have to occur simultaneously (within 10-100 fs). The rate law for trimoleciilar recombination reactions of the type in equation (A3.4.47) is given by... 

Compounds need not to be represented by only one spectrum. Several different types of spectra can be used simultaneously to represent a chemical compound, thus taking advantage of the different information they contain. 

It must be pointed out that transformations of this type do not take place stepwise, as indicated above the ultimate change is equivalent to the simultaneous separation of the hydroxyl group and attachment of the migrating... 

At times, an atom or moleeule eontains more than one type of angular momentum. The Hamiltonian s interaetion potentials present in a partieular speeies may or may not eause these individual angular momenta to be eoupled to an appreeiable extent (i.e., the Hamiltonian may or may not eontain terms that refer simultaneously to two or more of... 

Other types of mass spectrometer can use point, array, or both types of ion detection. Ion trap mass spectrometers can detect ions sequentially or simultaneously and in some cases, as with ion cyclotron resonance (ICR), may not use a formal electron multiplier type of ion collector at all the ions can be detected by their different electric field frequencies in flight. 

A multipoint ion collector (also called the detector) consists of a large number of miniature electron multiplier elements assembled, or constructed, side by side over a plane. A multipoint collector can be an array, which detects a dispersed beam of ions simultaneously over a range of m/z values and is frequently used with a sector-type mass spectrometer. Alternatively, a microchannel plate collector detects all ions of one m/z value. When combined with a TOP analyzer, the microchannel plate affords an almost instantaneous mass spectrum. Because of their construction and operation, microchannel plate detectors are cheaper to fit and maintain. Multipoint detectors are particularly useful for situations in which ionization occurs within a very short space of time, as with some ionization sources, or in which only trace quantities of any substance are available. For such fleeting availability of ions, only multipoint collectors can measure a whole spectrum or part of a spectrum satisfactorily in the short time available. 

There are a variety of possible linked scanning methods, but only those in more frequent use are discussed here. They differ from the linked scanning methods used in triple quadrupole instruments and ion traps in that two of the three fields (V, E, and B) are scanned simultaneously and automatically under computer control. The most common methods are listed in Table 34.1, which also defines the type of scanning with regard to precursor and product ions. 

Alternatively, the ions in a mass spectrometer can also arrive at a multipoint collector as a temporally dispersed beam. Therefore, at any point in time, all ions of the same m/z value arrive simultaneously, and different m/z values arrive at other times. Ail elements of this collector detect the arrival of ions of one m/z value at any one instant of time. This type of detector, which is also an array, is called a microchannel plate collector of ions. 

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