Simple inheritance

A typical feature of expert systems that support frames is inheritance. Frames can be organized in a hierarchical structure. They can inherit properties (attributes) from frames that are higher in the hierarchy. The latter are therefore called parent frame and the former child frame. There are many varieties of the inheritance principle. Frames can have only one parent frame (simple inheritance) or may have multiple parent frames (multiple inheritance). All attributes can be inherited (full inheritance) or only a few, selected by the knowledge engineer, may be inherited (partial inheritance) by the child frames. An example of a simple inheritance organization of frames is shown in Table 43.1. The frame Organic Compound is the parent frame. The frames Ester and Acids are child frames of Organic Compound . A typical example of inheritance is instantiation. The frame Acetic acid is a child of Acids and, since no extra attributes are added, it is also an instantiation. 

It is clear from family studies that apo(a) gene polymorphism is a consequence of the autosomal codominant Mendelian inheritance of multiple alleles operating at a single chromosomal locus (G7, U4, U6). In families where this simple inheritance pattern was not followed, the existence of a null allele has been postulated (U4, U6). A null allele frequency of 6% was estimated for the subjects... 

Less commonly, variation is discontinuous when differences in response reveal a discrete proportion, large or small, who respond differently from the rest, e.g. poor drug oxidisers or fast and slow acetylators of isoniazid. Discontinuous variation most commonly occurs when response to a drug is controlled by a single gene. The term genetic polymorphism refers to the existence in a population of two or more discontinuous forms of a species which are subject to simple inheritance. By convention the frequency of each species is 1% or more. 

British Columbia data indicate a risk among siblings of affected people in the vicinity of 3% ruling out simple inheritance except perhaps in rare cases. 

Lander and Schork s article was written against the backdrop of related investigations by 1990s geneticists, who also found that single-gene disorders were not so simple, even when inherited in a Mendelian way. Cystic... 

In C++, public inheritance is used to document extension and implementation, private inheritance is used for extensions that are not implementations (apart from the simple restrictions mentioned earlier) but the usual recommendation is to use instead an internal variable of the proposed base type. 

But the proof is deceptively simple [31]. Because the shape function is proportional to the electron density, it inherits the characteristic electron-nuclear coalescence cusps at the positions of the atomic nuclei [32,33]. The location of those cusps determines the positions of the nuclei, R the steepness of the cusps determines the atomic charges, Za. So the shape function determines the external potential for any molecular system [31]. 

We are not concerned here with many of the details of genetic machinery. In higher organisms especially, the mechanisms are extremely intricate. Our discussion is by no means dependent upon the acceptance of any simple 1-gene-1-enzyme relationship, but it does rest upon the widely substantiated principle that the potentiality possessed by organisms for carrying out any and every chemical reaction arises from inheritance and intervening mutations. There is no other way in which such potentialities can arise. 

To repeat his atmosphere has not half the corrosive properties that it should have to betoken the last word of wealth, of progress, and of commercial energy. Here is our inheritance from the industrial revolution this is the founding principal upon which industrial chemistry developed worldwide. The basis of the industry that we built is the simple equation ... 

In this chapter, we shall construct minimal resolutions of simple singularities using Hilbert schemes of points on C. These resolutions inherit the hyper-Kahler structures from those on Hilbert schemes. This construction will give us a new interpretation Kronheimer s construction of ALE spaces [49] in terms of Hilbert schemes. 

In addition to the simple Mendelian control of the ability to produce capsaicinoids at all controlled by Punl and Lov, there is also quantitative genetic inheritance, controlling the degree of heat [83, 84], and several QTLs associated with capsaicinoid accumulation have been reported [77,85]. A review of this approach for linking genetic markers with capsaicinoid biosynthetic genes is presented by Mazourek etal. [67]. 

Hematopoietic stem cells are used to treat people whose own blood-forming cells fail because of a rare condition called aplastic anemia, or to help people who have been accidentally exposed to very high doses of irradiation. Hematopoietic stem cells are most often used as part of the treatment for certain forms of cancer. Sometimes cancer patients are given very high doses of irradiation and/or chemotherapy drugs that destroy the blood-forming stem cells in the bone marrow. Transplants with the patient s own blood stem cells that were removed before the treatment, or stem cells from a healthy donor, allow the patient to recover. The transplant process is very simple The cells in a salt solution are slowly injected into a vein just like a blood transfusion. If the blood stem cells come from a donor, then the donor and the patient must share certain inherited proteins to make sure that the donor s immune system cells will not attack the treated patient. 

Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the detection of phenylpropionylglycine in urine as a diagnostic tool in inherited medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. 

---