Simple hypothesis

Consider Figure 5.5 with six steps (rotor resistance unit with five steps) and assume the maximum and minimum torques as and between each step, to suit a particular load demand (Figure 5.6(a)). Let the corresponding rotor currents be / ,a and Then by a simple hypothesis using equation (1.7). 

In this case, there are two rather simple, although important, conclusions to be drawn. For the main target, D2, lipophilicity is not a driver for potency. Thus, making the compounds more potent does not impose an implicit risk to make them more lipophilic. For the counter-target, the o receptor, lipophilicity is strongly correlated to potency. This opens up for the simple hypothesis for separating D2 and o activity by designing less lipophilic compounds. 

Therefore, it is anticipated that chronic repression of muscle gene expression does not require chronic regulation by the parasite. Rather, this effect is expected to result from chronic suspension of infected cells in a non-Go/Gi gene regulatory environment. A simple hypothesis derived from known characteristics of skeletal muscle cells is that induction of cell cycle re-entry is sufficient to cause both chronic suspension in G2/M and repression of muscle gene expression. This possibility has implications for the number of regulatory points at which the parasite might influence the host cell and possible methods to screen for those products. 

Problem 9-15. Could the same predictions be made from a simple electron repulsion argument If n pairs of electrons must be accommodated in the valence-shell molecular orbitals, then assume simply that they will be as far apart as possible. Up to four electrons will push each other as far apart as possible, to create linear geometry more than four must be distributed more densely, so that the angle between the substituents will be less that 180°. Does this simple hypothesis explain everything that Walsh s rules do Is there any advantage to using Walsh s correlation diagram analysis ... 

Like the monoamine hypothesis of depression, such a simple hypothesis was appeaUng but, perhaps predictably, a Uttle too simple to be true. Further research using a technique known as positron emission tomography (PET) showed the relationship between dopamine and schizophrenia is more complex. PET detects radioactive emissions of certain isotopes these isotopes are incorporated into a molecule and injected into a patient. The machine measures the radioactivity with detectors positioned aroimd the body. PET lets researchers study the distribution of certain molecules in Uving tissue since, imUke autoradiography, the tissue is not sliced and treated chemically. The amoimt of radioactivity must be small, however, to avoid harming the human subjects. 

These drugs seem to act on central 5-HT neurons in a manner that is not clear. They decrease the turnover of serotonin, possibly through a presynaptic receptor in the raphe cells. Since 5-HT is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in many of its actions, the removal of this inhibition could lead to behavioral changes. However, to discredit this simple hypothesis, there are a number of LSD derivatives that are not hallucinogens (e.g., the... 

The Screening Hypothesis seeks to explain the evolution of NPs when the chances of any one NP benefiting the producer are indeed very low. This simple hypothesis predicts that certain metabolic traits which favour the generation and retention of NP diversity will be retained during the evolution of NP metabolism. The most important of these predicted metabolic traits is the ability of enzymes making NPs to either accept... 

Figure 7.7. Oxide dissolution simple hypothesis on rate-determining step. [From Stumm (1986), with permission.]...

The childhood tumors, such as Wilms s tumor and retinoblastoma, are a special group. They occur in infancy or childhood and apparently have a uniform incidence among all racial and geographic groups. Some cases are clearly inherited others are sporadic. One hypothesis is that the malignancy results from two mutations. If both mutations are somatic, that accounts for the sporadic cases. In retinoblastoma, mutations frequently affect only one eye. In the hereditary cases, one mutant gene is inherited from a parent and the second occurs somatically usually both eyes are affected. If this simple hypothesis is correct, the mutation component is the fraction of hereditary cases, estimated to be about one-third of all cases.21 ... 

For example, female first-degree relatives of women who have had breast cancer have a risk of breast cancer 2-3 times as great as normal, but the data do not fit any simple hypothesis. For most cancers, heritability is rather low. Therefore, the mutation component is likely to be low. There may be a mutation component acting through both germinal and somatic effects. If the two-mutation hypothesis for childhood tumors is correct, an environmental chemical could increase not only the frequency with which the first mutation would be inherited but also the frequency with which the second, somatic mutation would occur. Most calculations concerning retinoblastoma assume that the second mutation is almost certain to happen somewhere in the retina, provided that the first, inherited mutant gene is present. 

Next, use is made of the simple hypothesis that all the positions of the molecules and segments are equally probable, and, following tradition, we shall formulate an expression for the internal field as a field within a spherical cavity (Vleck 1932 Frohlich 1958)... 

A simple hypothesis test can be devised using the reduced eigenvalues to test for the significance of a factor, j [17]... 

To understand this almost alarmingly simple hypothesis, it is important to recognize what is so special about these neuromodulatory neurons and their chemical messengers ... 

Note that this example is built as a pedagogical example. The results given in the following are not all experimentally obtained, but are very typical of what is obtained with sugars. The methodology proposed enables us to get a precise understanding of the method that makes it possible to calculate an SMB. If a very precise design is required, however, some simple hypothesis should be relaxed and more sophisticated model used. 

Similar reactions have been reported for a mixture of 2,6-dimethoxyi-odobenzene, copper(I) oxide, and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in pyridine 21). Di- and triarylation can be effected under suitable conditions of catalyst, solvent, and temperature. No simple hypothesis can explain the experimental facts for the copper(I) oxide reactions. 

It thus appears that, in a rough and ready way, the simple hypothesis of a-cleavage in allows a qualitative understanding of Rules 1-9. There are, however, exceptions to the rules. 

In order to predict the value of the frequency factor, one may assume that all collisions between reactant molecules with sufficient activation energy result in the instantaneous formation of the reaction products. With this simple hypothesis (collision theory), if the activation energy is known, then the problem of computing the reaction rate reduces to the problem of computing the rate of collision between the appropriate reactant molecules in the ideal gas mixture. This last problem is easily solved by the elementary kinetic theory of gases. 

What are the rules that govern the recognition of a codon by the anticodon of a tRNA A simple hypothesis is that each of the bases of the codon forms a Watson-Crick type of base pair with a complementary base on the anticodon. The codon and anticodon would then be lined up in an antiparallel fashion. In the diagram in the margin, the prime denotes... 

We have now to get an idea of the configuration of these groups MAe the most simple hypothesis that can be formulated is an octahedral arrangement, the metallic atom occupying the center of the octahedron. The six groups A will have their places at the corners. 

Prelab Exercise Operating on the simple hypothesis that the intensity of a dye on a fiber wiii depend on the number of strongiy poiar or ionic groups in the fiber moiecuie, predict the relative intensities produced by methyi orange when it is used to dye a variety of different fibers, such as are found in the Muitifiber Fabric. 

The simple hypothesis of radiative recombinations occurring directly between the electrons of the conduction band and the positive holes of the valency band, with simultaneous photon emission seems only valid in... 

The quantity / is known as the mixing length. As the Reynolds stresses disappear at the wall, Prandtl chose the simple hypothesis... 

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