Simonic acids

Alkaline hydrolysis of the CHCls-soluble resin glycoside mixture from dry roots of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) afforded two glycosidic acids, simonic acids A (hexadecanoic acid, (115)-[(0-6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl-(1 3)-0-[6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl-(l—>4)]-0-6-deoxy-a-L-mannopyranosyl-(1 4)-0-6-deoxy-... 

D-fucopyranoside for simonic acid B. The other four monosaccharide units in the nonlinear oligosaccharide core were identified as L-rhamnoses, and their aglycone moiety was jalapinolic acid. 

Six intact acylated resin glycosides containing simonic acid A have been isolated simonin 11 (183), batatosides M (197) and N (198) from 7. batatas 31, 40)... 

As reported for all pentasaccharides from sweet potato (64, 86), pure compounds 232 and 233 were also submitted to sapoiufication yielding simonic acid B (87). The liberated fatty acids were identified as isobutyric, (25)-methyIbutanoic, -decanoic, -dodecanoic, and cinnamic acids. The site of lactonization by the aglycone in the macrocyclic unit was placed at C-2 of the second saccharide. The position of the ester linkage on the macrocyclic unit was C-2 of the terminal rhamnose. The acylations were identified as follows for the macrocyclic unit at C-2 of the third saccharide (n-dodecanoic acid), and at C-3 and C-4 of the branched... 

GA ofmurucins murucinic acid GA of murucoidins simonic acid B (I - HI), operculinic add A (IV, V) GA of stoloniferin I simonic acid B common HFA jalapinolic acid... 

Fluorocarbons are made commercially also by the electrolysis of hydrocarbons in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (Simons process) (14). Nickel anodes and nickel or steel cathodes are used. Special porous anodes improve the yields. This method is limited to starting materials that are appreciably soluble in hydrogen fluoride, and is most useflil for manufacturing perfluoroalkyl carboxyflc and sulfonic acids, and tertiary amines. For volatile materials with tittle solubility in hydrofluoric acid, a complementary method that uses porous carbon anodes and HF 2KF electrolyte (Phillips process) is useflil (14). 

Putan (Coll. Vol. i, 269) From furoic acid, by an adaptation of the method of Gilman and Louisinian (using quinoline and copper oxide), in 90 per cent yield (crude). Wagner and Simons, J. Chem. Education 13, 27a (1936). 

Almost all of the biomedical research done in the 25 years following the liquid-breathing work was conducted with commercially available fluorocarbons manufactured for various industnal uses by the electrochemical Simons process (fluonnation in a hydrofluoric acid solution) or the cobalt fluoride process (fluori-nation with this solid in a furnace at about 200 C) These processes tended to yield many by-products, partly because they were, to some extent, free radical reactions and partly because it was difficult to easily achieve complete fluonnation Aromatic hydrocarbons gave better products with the cobalt tnfluonde [73] method, whereas saturated hydrocarbons yielded better products with fluonnation using diluted or cooled gaseous fluorine (Lagow) Incompletely fluormated matenal was either... 

J. Burbank, A.C. Simon, E. Willihnganz, The lead acid cell, in Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, Vol. 8, John Wiley, New York, 1971, p. 170. 

White H, R Feicht, C Huber, F Lottspeich, H Simon (1991) Purification and some properties of the tungsten-containing carboxylic acid reductase from Clostridium formicoaceticum. Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler 372 999-1005. 

White H, G Strobl, R Feicht, H Simon (1989) Carboxylic acid reductase a new tungsten enzyme catalyses the reduction of non-activated carboxylic acids to aldehydes. Eur J Biochem 184 89-96. 

The weakness of this cement was its tendency to dissolve in water. This was prevented by including rosin (mainly abietic acid) or hydrogenated rosin in the formulation (Brauer, Simon Sangermano, 1962). Rosin and fused quartz or calcium hydrogen phosphate monohydrate were added to... 

Kim U.J., Shizuya H., Deaven L., Chen X.N., Korenberg J.R., Simon M.I., Selection of a sublibrary enriched for a chromosome from total human bacterial artificial chromosome library using dna from flow-sorted chromosomes as hybridization probes. Nucl. Acids. Res. 1995 23 1838-1839. 

A system exhibiting chiral recognition. The chiral macrotricyclic tet-raamide (250) (Lehn, Simon Moradpour, 1978) has been used for the complexation, extraction and transport of primary ammonium salts. The tetraamide was used rather than the corresponding tetraamine because of the lower basicity of the nitrogens in the former ligand. This avoids the possibility of proton transfer occurring from the primary ammonium substrates R-NH3+ used as guests. In a typical experiment, a solution of a primary ammonium salt, such as naphthylethyl ammonium or phenylalanine methylester hydrochloride in hydrochloric acid was... 

Simons An electrochemical method for fluorinating organic compounds. First developed by J. H. Simons at Pennsylvania State College in 1941 but not announced until 1948 for reasons of national security. A direct current is passed through a solution of an organic compound in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid hydrogen is evolved at the cathode and the organic material is fluorinated at the anode. 

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