Silver, Spencer

Silicones, 5,113-114,135-136,261 Silk, 33-34,47, 61, 66,171 Silly Putty, 125-126,262 Silver Spencer 129 Silver halide, 122 Single-site catalysts, 106-107 Smart materials, 206-209, 218 for food packaging, 206-207 for military applications, 208 sensors for, 207,208 shape-memory polymers, 207-208 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 121 Sodium acrylate, 122 ... 

Shuttle Program Office (SPO), 11-12, 254, 339, 340, 342-4, 345 see also Space Flight Operations Contract shuttle program, see space shuttle program Silver, Spencer, 205, 206 simplification, 168-70 skills, 281-3 slippery slopes, 54-7 see also safety drift social behavior, 336... 

Office supplies and office communication have been revolutionized by the introduction of the 3M product Post-it Notes in 1980. The temporary adhesive of these self-sticking notes actually was initially rejected as a glue by its inventor, 3M chemist Spencer Silver, because of its impermanence. However, 3M researcher Art Fry found a niche for the adhesive—as an adhesive for a temporary bookmark for his choir hymnal. Key to the performance of these removable, repositional adhesive products is the application of the adhesive to the backing of a note sheet via tiny microspheres rather than a continuous film. With an average particle diameter of 25-45 fim, the microsphere adhesives form a discontinuous layer that assists in retaining the ability to re-apply the note to new surfaces. Traditional adhesive tape contains particles of smaller dimension (typically 0.1 to 2.0 pm) that coalesce to form a continuous film that limits removal. ... 

Ramette, R.W. and Spencer, J.B. Electrolyte effects on silver bromate solubility in protium and deuterium oxide solutions at 25 °. Evidence for association of silver and nitrate ions, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 67(4) 944-946, 1963. 

Cu Isotope Study of the Silver Bell Porphyry Cu Mine Molly Dendas Ryan Mathur Spencer Titley ... 

There is one more gluey story that merits telling. It s all about Spencer F. Silver. Granted, his name may not be a household word, but one of his inventions certainly is Post-It notes. In 1998 the American Chemical Society presented its award for creative innovation to Silver, 3M s chief scientist, for inventing a glue that sticks when you want it to and releases when you want it to. And what a curious history this substance has. 

Dunn (156) showed that colloidal selenium likewise is a sensitizer and produces similar effects to those obtained with selenoureas. Spencer, Atwell, and Levy (94) confirmed this and showed that silver selenide can be formed by reaction of silver bromide with selenium. They further demonstrated the similarity between sulfur and selenium sensitization. In the absence of evidence to the contrary, the presumption is that the mechanism or mechanisms of sensitization by the two agents is the same. 

The other major uses of acrylic latexes are in textile finishing (e.g., stain and wrinkle resistance), adhesives, and floor polishes and waxes. Adhesives are used in many applications, including pressure-sensitive tapes, contact adhesives, and construction adhesives for carpeting and floor tiles. Peelable labels and stamps probably got their start with the Post-it note, invented by Spencer Silver and Art Fry at 3M company many years ago. 

For scientists with open, curious minds, failed experiments often lead to new opportunities. The evolution of the Post-it note is an excellent example. In 1968, a chemist at 3M by the name of Spencer Silver was attempting to synthesize new, strong adhesives. One particular sample had very unusual properties. Although the polymer did stick to a variety of materials, it easily peeled off, leaving behind no residue. Fortunately, Silver, kept the "failure" rather than discarding it as waste. At the time, no one could figure out a marketable application for the interesting new material. 

Spencer JM, Silvers DN, Grossman ME. Pustular eruption after drug exposure is it pustular psoriasis or a pustular drug eruption Br J Dermatol 1994 130(4) 514-19. 

P. Hayden, R. J. Sampson, C. B. Spencer, H. Pinnegar, Promoted silver catalyst for producing alkylene oxides, US Patent 4,007,135, Feb. 8, 1977, To Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited. 

The invention of sticky notes occurred over a period of about 10 years and involved a great deal of serendipity. The adhesive for Post-it Notes was discovered by Dr. Spencer F. Silver of 3M in 1968. Silver found that when an acrylate polymer material was made in a particular way, it formed crosslinked microspheres. When suspended in a solvent and sprayed on a sheet of paper, this substance formed a sparse monolayer of adhesive after the solvent evaporated. Scanning electron microscope images of the adhesive show that it has an irregular surface, a little like the surface of a gravel road. In contrast, the adhesive on cellophane tape looks smooth and uniform, like a superhighway. The bumpy surface of Silver s adhesive caused it to be sticky but not so sticky as to produce permanent adhesion because the number of contact points between the binding surfaces was limited. 

The sticky notes story began in 1968 when 3M chemist Spencer Silver was preparing a series of acrylate copolymers in his search for a new adhesive. One of his preparations formed paper-thin microspheres... 

The story of Post-It Notes identifies 3M s organizing mode and illustrates how it works. In 1969, while Spencer Silver was conducting experiments in search of a more permanent adhesive, he stumbled upon a new substance - glue that did not glue. While Silver admired the structural properties of the new substance under a microscope, he could not imagine how it might be useful ... 

Still thinking about his problem the next day. Fry consulted a colleague, Spencer Silver, who was studying adhe-... 

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