Silver fir

Zavarin and his associates have described detailed analyses of the terpenoid constituents of several species of fir. We can start with their study of A. amabilis collected throughout the range of the species (Zavarin et al., 1973). The Pacific silver fir occurs from southeastern Alaska to northern California at mid to higher elevations with a major contribution to the forest flora in coastal British Columbia, the Olympic Mountains (Washington), and in the Cascade Mountains in Washington and Oregon. It is represented in California in only a few sites in the north. Analysis of cortical terpenoids from over 100 trees from 15 sites revealed a comparatively... 

Abies alba Mill., the silver fir, is an important forest tree in Enrope. Its size—it is the tallest on the continent—and quality of wood have attracted attention since early... 

European silver fir oil is produced in central Europe by steam distillation of needle-bearing twigs of Abies alba Mill. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pleasant odor of freshly cut fir needles. 

Silver fir cone oil (templin oil) obtained from the cones of Abies alba Mill, has similar properties. 

Siberian fir needle oil is obtained by steam distillation of needles and twigs of Abies sibirica Ledeb., the Siberian silver fir. It is an almost colorless or pale yellow liquid with a characteristic fir odor. 

Silver fir, European Abies alba MUl. Esters calculated as bornyl acetate (4-10)... 

Brunner, I., Ruf, M Luscher, P., and Sperisen, C. (2004). Molecular markers reveal extensive intraspecific below-ground overlap of silver fir fine roots. Mol. Ecol. 13, 3595-3600. 

Collection of volatiles from males feeding on pieces of cabbage revealed a blend of six male-specific sesquiterpenes, including hydrocarbons 24-28 and ketone 29, shown in Figure 19.5 (Bartelt et al., 2001). Compound 24 was the most abundant. One or more of these were thought likely to account for the pheromonal activity reported earlier. Hydrocarbon 28 [(+)-v-cadincnc is known from citronella oil (Herout and Sykora, 1958), but structures 24-27 and 29 were new. The opposite enantiomers of hydrocarbons 24 and 25 were previously isolated from the trees Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana) and silver fir (Abies alba) (Bartelt et al., 2001 Khan and Pentegova, 1988 Khan et al., 1989), and the opposite enantiomer of 27, known as ar-himachalene, is found in Himalayan cedar (Pandey and Dev, 1968). Neither compound 26 nor its enantiomer were known from nature, but... 

SYNS OIL OF ABIES ALBA OIL OF FUR OIL OF SILVER FIR OIL OF SILVER PINE SILVER FIR NEEDLE OIL SILVER FIR OIL SILVER PINE OIL TEMPLIN OIL... 

The first damages outside the industrial areas were observed on Silver fir (Abies alba Mill). That species had already become extinct in the Erzgebirge in the Thirties. Forty years later the decline was obvious from Poland to France, that means all over most natural stands and artificial plantations in Europe. 

Today the die-back of silver fir is regarded as a real menace to the further existence of this species which reacts more sensitive to dilute concentrations of air pollution than any other tree of forest importance. Its disappearance causes great silvicultural problems because firs help to stabilize mbced forest stands in the mountains against wind fall by rooting much deeper than Norway spruce. 

The genetic drain will be enormous. Trees sensitive to air pollution might contain genes with great importance for the population in relation to its ability to cope with other stress factors. The loss of whole species cannot be excluded as can be seen in the increasing extinction of Silver fir in various forest areas. The loss of flowers, birds, insects and other living beings takes away what has been here before man appeared. 

Abies amabilis Dougl. ex Forbes/Pacific silver fir Abies balsamea (L.) Mill./ Balsam fir... 

Fir woods closely resemble the pines in being needleleaf or toft woods but have no resin ducts. The variety mostly favoured is the white or silver fir. 

Spruce woods resemble the soft pines. They grow extensively in North America and Europe . The common varieties are the Norway spruce Picecs exulsd) and the Douglas spruce or fir (pseudofsuga douglasii). The Norway spruce resembles silver fir but the resin ducts arc visible though few in number. 

Burgundy pitch. A resin obtained from Norway spruce or European silver fir. Other types, e.g., that from various species of pines, are also offered under this name. Characterized by extreme tackiness, soluble in acetone and alcohol. Used to some extent in surgeons tape and various special adhesive compositions. 

In Belgium, the first damages were observed and recognized in our eastern forests of Hertogenwald and Eifel, near the German border. These forests contain mainly Norways spruce fPicea abies (L.) Karst) and some Silver fir (Abies alba. Mille) and Common beech (Fagus silvestris L.). 

OH nf Fir. Oil of silver pine oil of silver fir. Volatile oil from needles and young twigs of Abies alba Mill. (A. picea Lindl., A pectinata DC,), Pinaceae, Constit f-Pinene, i-]imonene, i-borny] acetate. 

E. Demargay observed, spectroscopically, traces of chromium in the ash of Scotch fir, silver fir, vine, oak, poplar, and hom-beam and L. Gouldin found it in the fruit of a rose. 

ABFA. See Azodicarbonamide Abies alba Abies alba needles and twigs. See Silver fir (Abies alba) needles and twigs Abies balsamea. See Balsam Canada (Abies balsamea) Balsam Canada (Abies balsamea) extract... 

Synonyms Canadian fir needle oil Fir needle oil Fir needle oil, Canadian Fir needles and twigs oil Silver fir oil Silver pine oil... 

Synonyms Abies alba Abies alba needles and twigs Silver fir needles and twigs... 

Cassia obovata) extract Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil Silver fir (Abies alba) needles and twigs Sloe (Prunus spinosa) berries extract Snakeroot (Asarum canadense) oil Spearmint (Mentha spicata) Spearmint (Mentha spicata) extract Spearmint (Mentha viridis) extract ,Spearmint (Mentha viridis) oil Spike lavender oil Spruce oil Star anise (lllicium verum) oil Storax (LIquidambar orientalis) Storax (Liquidambar orientalis) oil Summer savory (Satureia hortensis) Summer savory (Satureia hortensis) extract Summer savory (Satureja hortensis) oil Sweet cherry (Prunus avium) pit oil Sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana) oil Swertia chi rata extract Tagetes (Tagetes erecta) extract Tagetes oil... 

---