Silane chemistry

In the text that follows, the term silanols is used as a simplified description of the monosilanols, silanediols, and silanetriols in the case oftrialkoxysilanes. Usually, the hydrolysis of the first OR group is the rate-controlling reaction step. The resultant silanol intermediates (Si—OH) react with active OH groups of the inorganic substrate, building up stable covalent (Si—O—substrate) bonds [12]. 

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Perrin J, Leroy O and Bordage M C 1996 Cross-sections, rate constants and transport coefficients in silane chemistry Contr. Plasma Phys 36 3-49... 

This section treats the plasma physics and plasma chemistry of the typical silane-hydrogen RF discharge, with occasional examples that employ a somewhat higher excitation frequency. Electrical characterization of the discharge is followed by an analysis of the silane chemistry. An appropriate set of gas phase species is presented, which are then used in the modeling of the plasma. A comparison is made between modeling results and experimental work in ASTER. Extension to 2D modeling is presented as well. 

In a silane-hydrogen discharge the feedstock gases SiHa and H2 take part in all the processes that occur. A large number of reactions have been proposed (see e.g. Kushner [190]). Nienhuis et al. [191] have performed a sensitivity analysis in their self-consistent fluid model, from which a minimum set of reactions have been extracted for a typical low-pressure RF discharge. Tables II and III list these reactions. They will be used in the plasma models described in subsequent sections. The review articles on silane chemistry by Perrin et al. [192] and on hydrogen by Phelps [193] and Tawara et al. [194] have been used. The electron collision data are compiled in Figure 13 [189]. 

The total dissociation cross sections of silane and disilane have been taken from Perrin et al. [201]. An uncertainty in the present knowledge of the silane chemistry is the branching ratio of the silane dissociation channels [192]. Here, the branching ratio is taken from Doyle et al. [197], who suggest using the branching ratio determined by Perkins et al. [202] for photolysis, viz., a branching of... 

For an excellent review of the current status of organopoly-silane chemistry, see West, R., J. Organometal, Chem. 

The subject of silane chemistry and its interaction with both glass surface and polymer resins have been studied extensively. Since the silane coupling agent for improving the bond quality has first appeared in the literature (Rochow, 1951), a wide variety of organofunctional silanes has been developed, prominently by Plueddemann and coworkers. An early compilation of this subject for epoxy and polyester matrix composites (Plueddemann et al., 1962, Clark and Plueddemann, 1963 Plueddemann, 1974), and more recent reviews on the use of silane agents and... 

Examples of the various methods of DNA immobilization are shown in Fig. 5. Amongst these are physical adsorption and covalent immobilization. The covalent immobihzation is best exemplified by the use of organo-silane chemistries and alkanethiol chemistries. 

DNA immobilized by organosilane chemistries has proven to be an effective method for measuring impedance changes upon hybridization using both gold and platinum electrodes [21,50]. The effect of different silane chemistries creates differences in the hydrophobicity and hydration levels of the modified surface. The organosilane treatment along with the ssDNA... 

This results in almost the same specific surface area as found in capillary packed with macroporous silica beads. Next, the heparin was covalently immobilized on the surface of an etched capillary through a spacer using silane chemistry. 

With the original silane chemistry data, models predict that the reactive species leading to nonuniform growth is SiH2 (219, 220). However, new laser spectroscopy data by Inoue et al. (59) and by Jasinski et al. (108) make... 

Except for silane chemistry, CVD chemical mechanisms and kinetics are poorly characterized. Currently, the interest in understanding CVD chemistry is growing, and the results will be essential to the future development of the process. 

Fig. 4.11. (A) Generic representation of silane chemistry used to bond stationary phases onto silica supports. (B) Examples of packing materials that will enhance EOF. (C) Mixed-mode phase designed by El Rassi s group. Adapted from ref. [95] with permission. Copyright Wiley-VCH 1998.

Zeolite membranes are amenable by surface modification with a variety of chemical functional groups using simple silane chemistry, which may provide alternative surface chemistry pathways for enzyme immobilization. In this context, Shukla et al. [238] have recently used a chemically modified zeolite-clay composite membrane for the immobilization of porcine lipase using glutaraldehyde to provide a chemical linkage between the enzyme and the membrane. The effects of pH, temperature, and solvent on the performance of such biphasic zeohte-membrane reactors have been evaluated in the hydrolysis of olive oil to fatty acids. 

We have used these silica nanotubes as test vehicles to illustrate the power of the template method for preparing nanombes for biomedical and biotechnological applications [4,5]. Silica nanombes are ideal for such proof-of-concept experiments because they are easy to make, readily suspendable in aqueous solution, and because silica surfaces can be deiivatized with an enormous variety of different chemical functional groups using simple silane chemistry with commercially available reagents [4,5]. 

As noted above, one of the most important attributes of a nanombe is that it has distinct inner and outer surfaces that can be differentially chemical and biochemically functionalized. The template method provides a particularly easy route to accomplish this differential functionalization. The details of nanombe modifications using differential silane chemistry on nanombes are available elsewhere [4]. In the following paragraphs, we briefly describe the results of differential-functionalized nanombes and their applications in highly selective chemical and biochemical extractions [2,4]. 

Revision of allyl silane chemistry (pp. 1296-300) and the stereochemistry and mechanism of ar intramolecular Heck reaction. 

The chemistry of functionalized trisilylmethanes and trisilylsilanes has thus far received little attention outside the context of basic research in silane chemistry [1, 2]. The only previous attempt to prepare tripodal amido complexes based on an amino-flinctionalized trisilylmethane was reported by Burger and coworkers, who prepared HC(SiMe2NHMe)3 but were not successful in coordinating this ligand precursor as a tripod ligand to a transition metal [3]. 

Bearing in mind the above discussion, we can now better understand the lower step coverage of the silane chemistry as compared to the hydrogen... 

The concentration profiles as calculated for the reactants and products of the silane chemistries at different stages of the tungsten film growth are depicted in figure 2.17 [Schmitz et al.43]. 

Selectivity loss dependence on dielectric type As mentioned in section 3.3 the use of many types of dielectric materials is possible. The order of selectivity loss for different dielectrics in terms of nuclei density has been studied for the hydrogen chemistry [Bradbury et al.134] and for the silane chemistry [Chow et al.67]. For both chemistries essentially the same order was found, where the best selectivity is on BPSG (or more generally doped oxides) ... 

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