Silacations

Several silaceous materials have been used successfully to induce flow. Among those quoted in the literature are pyrogenic silica in concentrations as low as 0.25% and hydrated sodium silioaluminate in concentrations of around 0.75%. The former has the additional property of being able to scavenge moisture, which might otherwise contribute to restricted flow characteristics. 

The approach recruited to chemical proteomics in Reference [17] is called SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture) and is important in comparative proteomics (Figure 1). SILAC works well with cultured mammalian cells, but prokaryotes defeat it by metabolizing the label (usually supplied in lysine and arginine) into other amino acids. For applications beyond cultured eukaryotic cells, the reductive methylation route to differential labeling [18] is among the alternatives [15]-... 

Figure 1 The SILAC method for comparative proteomics. A real experiment requires collection of thousands of mass spectra corresponding to different peptides. In the case portrayed, the drug has lowered the abundance of the affected protein in the treated cells compared to the control cells. Multiple peptide fragments of the affected protein would show this effect, supporting the conclusion that the protein was affected.

Guerrero et al. (2006) used this technique along with the quantitative mass spec strategy called SILAC (stable isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture Ong et al., 2002) to identify the yeast proteins that interact with the 26 S proteasome. 

Ong, S.-E., Blagoev, B., Kratchmarova, I., Kristensen, D.B., Steen, H., Pandey, A., and Mann, M. (2002) Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture, SILAC, as a simple and accurate approach to expression proteomics. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 1, 376-386. 

Stable Isotope Labeling in Cell Culture (SILAC)... 

An important emerging strategy is the simultaneous utilization of SILAC-based approaches for the quantitative identification of legitimate PTMs. This approach has been used successfully in the interrogation of phosphorylation for the analysis of phosphoproteomic signaling.75 76... 

The SHB concept was expanded to chiral phosphine catalysts by de Rege et al., who reacted the trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) counter anion of the cationic complex [Rh(COD)((R,Rj-MeDuPhos)] with the surface hydroxyl groups of the silaceous mesoporous material MCM-41 [122]. The complex was loaded to a level of 1.03 wt% Rh. A decrease in support surface area and pore volume is consistent with the complex being located within the support pores. The counterion is very important in this process if the anion of the homogeneous catalyst precursor is altered to BArp no adsorption of the catalyst is observed. It is postulated that the mechanism of triflate binding is hydrogen bonding with the support, and that the... 

Various, Colace (Roberts), Diocto (Various), Docu (Hi-Tech Pharmacal), Silace (Silax)... 

DuPont and Dow use solution polymerization technology to produce LLDPE resins. The process is based on continuous polymerization of ethylene with 1-octene in cyclohexane at about 250°C and 1200 psi. The catalyst is again Ziegler type. Residence time is of the order of several minutes. The catalyst is deactivated by treatment with an alcohol or complexing agent such as acetyl-acetone, and adsorbed on a silaceous adsorbent before stripping the solvent. The Stamicarbon (Dutch State mines) process is similar to the DuPont process, and it uses a short-residence-time solution process for HDPE production. 

Stable isotope proteomic platforms Peptides carrying different stable isotopes can be distinguished by high-resolution mass spectrometry, lamu can be resolved. ICAT, iTRAQ, and SILAC are examples. 

SILAC Stable isotope labeling of amino acids in culture. 

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