Labeling, differential

H and an acid-cleavable biotin moiety. Insertion of an acid-labile linker greatly decreases the elution of nonspecifically bound peptides from avidin affinity materials. Isotope-coded protein labels differentially label all of the free amino groups on proteins for relative quantitation (103). This method does not require an affinity tag. 

Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) separates cells that are labeled differentially with a fluorescent reagent. 

Before attempting to answer this question, let us first summarize the procedure of section 11.3 in a slightly modified form. Equations (11.20) and (11.21) provide a set of simultaneous ordinary differential equations to determine the pressure and the composition, represented by mole fractions Xi,..,Xn in terms of the dummy variable. If at least one of the x s varies monotonically with X, so that its derivative never vanishes, we may use this x in place of X as an Independent variable. Without loss of generality this x may be labelled x, so we may divide equation (11.20) and each equation (11.21) for r = 2,...,n-l, by equation (11.21)... 

Neither of these equations tells us which spin is on which electron. They merely say that there are two spins and the probability that the 1, 2 spin combination is ot, p is equal to the probability that the 2, 1 spin combination is ot, p. The two linear combinations i i(l,2) v /(2,1) are perfectly legitimate wave functions (sums and differences of solutions of linear differential equations with constant coefficients are also solutions), but neither implies that we know which electron has the label ot or p. 

The successive repeat units in strucutres [VI]-[VIII] are of two different kinds. If they were labeled Mj and M2, we would find that, as far as microstructure is concerned, isotactic polymers are formally the same as homopolymers, syndiotactic polymers are formally the same as alternating copolymers, and atactic polymers are formally the same as random copolymers. The analog of block copolymers, stereoblock polymers, also exist. Instead of using Mj and M2 to differentiate between the two kinds of repeat units, we shall use the letters D and L as we did in Chap. I. 

Economic summaries of the cosmetic industry, commonly documented by sales volume, are sometimes based on unit sales, sometimes on manufacturers sales in monetary units, and sometimes on consumer spending. Figures normally include contributions by private labeling operations but do not necessarily reflect the value of the industry service sector, which includes suppHers of raw materials, beauticians, testing laboratories, and other speciaHsts. Moreover, product categories caimot be rigidly defined. For example, the differentiation between a deodorant (a cosmetic) and an antiperspirant (an OTC dmg) is often obscured by its trade name. 

Products that are allowed to remain on the skin are differentiated from those that are meant to be rinsed off. Components of products left on the skin can be expected to penetrate the viable epidermis and to be systematically absorbed. Products that are rinsed off shordy after skin contact, such as shampoos, can, if propedy labeled, contain preservatives that might eUcit adverse reactions if left on the skin. Typical examples of such preservatives are formaldehyde, formaldehyde releasers such as Quatemium 15 or MDM hydantoin, and the blend of methylchloroisothia2olinone and methylisothia olinone. 

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One of the possibilities is to study experimentally the coupled system as a whole, at a time when all the reactions concerned are taking place. On the basis of the data obtained it is possible to solve the system of differential equations (1) simultaneously and to determine numerical values of all the parameters unknown (constants). This approach can be refined in that the equations for the stoichiometrically simple reactions can be specified in view of the presumed mechanism and the elementary steps so that one obtains a very complex set of different reaction paths with many unidentifiable intermediates. A number of procedures have been suggested to solve such complicated systems. Some of them start from the assumption of steady-state rates of the individual steps and they were worked out also for stoichiometrically not simple reactions [see, e.g. (8, 9, 5a)]. A concise treatment of the properties of the systems of consecutive processes has been written by Noyes (10). The simplification of the treatment of some complex systems can be achieved by using isotopically labeled compounds (8, 11, 12, 12a, 12b). Even very complicated systems which involve non-... 

Differentiation proves that -d[A]/dt = d P]/dt in the steady state. The experimental rate constant is a composite value, as seen from Eqs. (4-37) and (4-38). It is often labeled kS i, which for this system is given by... 

Measurements of the interfaeial eapacitance (the differential double layer capacity Cdl) have been used widely, the method has been labelled tensammetry [46Bre, 52Bre, 51Dosl, 52Dosl, 63Bre]. Various experimental setups based on arrangements for AC polarography, lock-in-amplifier, impedance measurement etc. have been employed. In all reports evaluated in the lists of data below the authors have apparently taken precautions in order to measure only the value of Cdl-... 

The species discussed so far belong to the class we might label Werner-type complexes. We use this description to differentiate from carbonyl-type or other low oxidation state complexes. We stay with Werner-type complexes exclusively until Chapter 6. The radial waveforms for 3d, A-s and Ap orbitals of the metals in such... 

Most importantly, a clear differentiation between color preparations derived from natural sources requiring E number declarations (i.e., E 162 for beet red) and coloring foodstuffs derived from typical food commodities should be made (Figure 2.4.2). For the latter, only physical unselective extraction based on oil or water followed by concentration through heating is allowed, following the recent trend for clean-labelled food. ... 

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