Signal transduction cascades, interaction with

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules signal to the cytoplasm. In some instances, adhesion may act primarily to bind membranes to surfaces but it now seems clear that some IgCAMs act via the cytoplasmic domain after engaging with a cognate partner molecule to initiate a signal-transduction cascade as a direct consequence of an adhesive interaction. A good example of this is the Trk receptors, which have two Ig domains in their... 

Vanadium Interaction with Signal Transduction Cascades as Part of the Therapeutic Effect... 

What happens at the instant when an odor-active molecule comes in touch with our nasal cavity 205 The first interaction of odorant molecules takes place in the olfactory receptor neurons, which are embedded in the pseudostratified columnar epithelium (or simply, olfactory epithelium), which is located in the posterior nasal cavity in the case of mammals. Olfactory sensory neurons express receptor proteins on the surface membrane of the cilia, which gain access to the extracellular region covered with mucus. The airborne odorants are dissolved into the mucus, bind with the receptors, and then the receptor protein triggers a signal transduction cascade. This results in the opening of the cation channel that would depolarize the sensory neuron and eventually elicit a train of action potentials in the axon. The olfactory axon leads to the olfactory bulb through basal lamina and lamina propria. 

Bioactive peptides usually occur in small quantities and concentrations within complex biological matrices. This is for two reasons firstly, bioactive peptides interact with a cell-surface-bound receptor to convey a message to the cell that is further amplified by second messengers or other signal transduction cascades. Therefore, they are usually produced in low concentrations along with other peptides. Secondly, because the bioactive peptides usually affect carefully balanced biological regulatory systems, their localization and half-life are precisely controlled... 

In summary, NgR is a key receptor involved in blocking neurite growth. By interfering with its action, either directly by inhibiting the receptor/ligand interactions or indirectly by interfering with the signal transduction cascade, it may be possible to develop new therapeutic treatments for neuronal injuries. 

The interaction of ROS with signal transduction cascades may occur at several levels. Considering a model signaling cascade consisting of ... 

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