Short-term deviations

Fig. 7 shows that the values from the second laboratory tend to be lower than those from the first for both types of cross-ply lay-up, while those for the unidirectional lay-up agree fairly well. The scatter still seen in the R-curves for the cross-ply laminates with a single fracture surface topography (Fig. 7) can probably, at least in part, be attributed to different amounts of fibre-bridging (compare Fig. 1). Another factor is micro-cracking in front of the delamination that may make accurate determination of the delamination length difficult. This would also offer an explanation for the steep rise seen in the R-curves of those specimens for which the delamination does not deviate into the unidirectional plies. This is discussed in detail in [6]. Small (local and short-term) deviations of the delamination into the unidirectional plies not recognised in the visual inspection of the fracture surfaces might also contribute to the scatter by temporarily reducing Gic. Finally, the oscillating interlaminar - intralaminar type of delamination propagation could also account for some of the observed scatter. The analysi > presented in [4] concludes that the intralaminar G is considerably smaller than the...

There is, therefore, a rationale behind the yield spread differential witnessed between two like issues occupying the same maturity band, and the above points must be factored in when assessing the fair value of a particular Pfandbrief. As of early 2003, it is generally felt that the market has found its echelon in regard to curve spread and that current relative valuations should remain to a large extent intact in the near term. In this context, any short-term deviations from fair value could represent profitable trading opportunities for investors. 

The operating temperature should be set approximately 15°C below these maximums to allow for short-term deviations. The homopolymer Dralon T has a 20 30°C advantage in maximum operating temperature over the acrylic copolymers. The resistance of Dralon T and Acrilan 16, an acrylic copolymer, to various chemicals is shown in Table 12.41. 

The guideline values presented by WHO represent the concentration of a given constituent that does not result in aity significant risk to the health of the consumer over a lifetime of consumption. Short-term deviations above the guidehne values do not necessarily mean that the water is unsuitable for consmnption. The amount by which, and the period for which, at r guidehne values can be exceeded... 

These items comply with the restart criteria. In lieu of full configuration control, the exemption requests are needed to address short-term deviations and compensatory actions for configuration control. This is an open item. 

An exemption request documenting both the short-term deviation from the V V requirements and the necessary justification with compensatory actions was submitted by NRTSC for approval on May 23, 1990. The request addresses two offsite codes TRAC and RELAP, and has been approved by DOE. 

Deactivation of the enzyme catalyst often goes unnoticed, especially if the biocatalyst is fairly stable and/or the time of observation is short, such as during an initial rate measurement. If we analyze the short-time behavior of Eq. (17.23) we can replace the exponential by a linear term deviating from unity. At short times, exp (-kd obs t) 1 - kdobs t, and Eq. (17.24) is recovered. 

It is demonstrated here that capital markets are rational and do value companies at close to their fundamental value, in the chemical industry as in others. However, there is also evidence that they sometimes deviate from that value in the short term, which might put a strategy focused on long-term value creation at significant risk. 

Detection limits at or below 1 ppt (1 pg/mL) are routinely attainable for many elements by ICP-MS as long as sources of contamination and reagent purity are carefully controlled. Detection limits as low as 10 ppq (10 fg/mL) are attainable in some cases. A linear dynamic range of up to 108 can be provided by ICP-MS. Short-term precision (relative standard deviation) of 1% to 3% is typical for clean samples. Long-term precision (relative standard deviation) of 5% or better over 8 hours is common for clean samples. Spectral overlaps, discussed previously, can... 

Considering both the mass balance corresponding to a CSTR and the kinetic equation, a dynamic model was established and validated for steady-state continuous operation of the EMR (Fig. 10.6). Moreover, the model was analyzed to foresee the deviations of the steady-state that occur when short-term changes in operational conditions take place (Fig. 10.7). Higher Orange II loading rates resulting from a more concentrated influent or a variation of HRT caused an increase in dye concentration in the effluent, which was predicted accurately by the dynamic model. The validation was also observed when modifications in the peroxide addition rate occurred. 

In addition to those standardized tests, two other test methods, monotonic creep and microhardness, have been developed by Hough and Wright [48]. In the monotonic creep test, the strain response to a constant stress rate is monitored. The deviation of the stress-strain characteristics in air and in the fluid of interest is taken to be the initiation of ESC. This method is shown to differentiate to a high resolution between polymers, and in the short term, the ESCR of polymer/fluid pairs that exhibit mild/weak interactions can be distinguished. The microhardness method, in which a pyramidal diamond indentor is pressed into the surface of the polymer component at a known load and for a known time, has the potential for mass screening of plastic/fluid compatibility, including extraction as well as absorption, and should be of interest to polymer suppliers. 

The Validation Report responds to the VMP, providing a summary of the actual approach taken and the documentation produced. Any deviations from the approach prescribed by the VMP must be justified and the consequence of the deviation assessed. Where the deviation is not acceptable, a corrective action plan must be formulated to address the issue. It may be possible that by implementing manual procedures to overcome the issue in the short term, the system will be enabled to move into the operational enviromnent while the issue is being addressed. 

Determination of standard deviation for 10 successive spectra of the secondary standard, without adjustment of sample position. This result indicates short-term repeatability of spectrum acquisition. 

Standard deviation of repetitive runs of a given sample to test short-term reproducibility. 

Figure 8.14 Short-term (A) and long-term (B) mortality of different parameters found in admission ECG. (Taken from Petrina, 2006.) STR, ST resolution TWI, T-wave inversion STD, ST depression STE, ST elevation QRSD, QRS deviation.

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