Short fiber-rubber composites properties

Proper reinforcement of rubber matrix using hllers can be achieved only if there exists adequate adhesion between the hller and the mbber. Rubber-mbber adhesion and rubber-hller adhesion both without and with adhesion promoters have been studied extensively [125-127]. Fiber-matrix adhesion in short fiber-rubber composites is always a field of extensive research. If the fibers are not bonded properly with the rubber matrix, fibers will shde past each other under tension deforming the matrix, thereby reducing the strength properties. In the case of short fiber-reinforced rubber composites, loads are not directly applied to the fibers, but are apphed to the matrix. To obtain a high-performance composite, the load must be effectively transferred to the fibers, which is possible only when the fiber-matrix interphase is sufficiently strong. In addition, the adhesion between the fiber and the matrix should be such that the failure occurs in the matrix rather than at the interphase [92]. 

A.Y. Coran, K. Boustany, P. Hamed. Short-fiber-rubber composites the properties of oriented cellulose-fiber-elastomer composites. Rubb. Chem. Technol., 47,... 

Chen, F. and Jones, F. R., Injection moulding of glass fibre reinforced phenolic composites 1. Study of the critical fibre length and the interfacial shear strengtli, Plast., Rubber Composites Proc. Appl, 23, 241 (1995). Termonia, Y., Structure-property relationships in short-fiber-reinforced composites, J. Polym. Set, Polym. Phys. Ed., 32, 969 (1994). 

Fluoroelastomers Novikova et al. [32] reported unproved physico-mechanical properties of fluoro mbbers by reinforcement with chopped polyamide fibers. Other fiber reinforcements are covered by Grinblat et al. [33]. Watson and Francis [34] described the use of aramid (Kevlar) as short fiber reinforcement for vulcanized fluoroelastomer along with polychloroprene mbber and a co-polyester TPE in terms of improvement in the wear properties of the composites. Rubber diaphragms, made up of fluorosilicone mbbers, can be reinforced using aramid fiber in order to impart better mechanical properties to the composite, though surface modification of the fiber is needed to improve the adhesion between fluorosUicone mbber and the fiber [35]. Bhattacharya et al. [36] studied the crack growth resistance of fluoroelastomer vulcanizates filled with Kevlar fiber. 

Lovely, M. and Joseph, R. (2007) Mechanical properties of short-isora-fiber-reinforced natural rubber composites effects of fiber length, orientation, and loading alkali treatment and bonding agent. J. Appl. Polym. Sci, 103, 1640-1650. 

Varghese, S., Kuriakose, B., Thomas, S., and Koshy, A.T. (1994) Mechanica) and viscoeJastic properties of short filler reinforced natural rubber composites effects of interfacial adhesion, fiber loading, and orientation. J. Adhes. Sci. Technol., 8, 235-248. 

Haseena, A.P., Unnikrishnan, G., and Kalaprasad, G. (2007) Dielectric properties of short sisal/coir hybrid fiber reinforced natural rubber composites. Compos. Interfaces, 14, 763-786. 

Ismail, H., Rosnah, N., and Rozman, H.D. (1997) Curing characteristics and mechanical properties of short oil palm fiber reinforced rubber composites. Polymer, 38, 4059-4064. 

Short fiber reinforced rubber composites have found well established usages in hose, belt, tires and other automotives applications, generally because either they offer specific properties that cannot be obtained with more conventional fillers only (e.g., carbon black or silica) or they are a cheaper alternative at equivalent properties. It is obviously the capability of short fibers to be properly oriented during the (adapted) fabrication process and therefore to achieve well-controlled anisotropic mechanical properties, that is the most... 

V.M. Murty, S.K. De, S.S. Bhagawan, R. Sivaramakrishnan, S.K. Athithan. Viscoelastic properties of short-fiber-reinforced rubber composites and the role of adhesion.. Appl. Polym. Sci., 28,3485-3495,1983. 

H. Anuar, S.H. Ahmad, R. Rasid, and N.S. Nik Daud, Tensile md impact properties of thermoplastic natural rubber reinforced short glass fiber and empty fruit bunch hybrid composites. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 45, 1059-1063 (2006). 

T.D. Sreeja. Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of Natural Rubber— short Nylon fiber composites.. Blast. Plast., 33 (3), 225-238,2001. 

H. Anuar, W.N. Wan Busu, S.H. Ahmad, R. Rasid. Reinforced thermoplastic Natural Rubber hybrid composites with Hibiscus Cannabinus, L and short glass fiber—part 1 processing parameters and tensile properties. /. Compos. Mater., 42, 1075-1087,2008. 

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