Shifting attention tests

Inattention Did the patient have difficulty focusing attention Is there a reduced ability to maintain and shift attention How does the patient score on the Attention Screening Examination (ASE) 0 Visual component ASE tests the patient s ability to pay attention through recall of 10 pictures... 

Another approach to resolving this theoretical objection to Young s equation is to eliminate the difference (ysv — ySL) from the equation entirely, replacing it by some equivalent quantity, thereby shifting attention away from the notion of solid surface tension. An example of this is the use of the heat of immersion to test Young s equation. We return to this in Section 6.6c. 

Marijuana use impairs a person s abihty to form memories, recall events, and shift attention from one thing to another.THC also disrupts coordination and balance by binding to receptors in the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Through its effects on the brain and body, marijuana intoxication can cause accidents. Studies show that approximately 6% to 11% of fatal accident victims test positive for THC. In many of these cases alcohol is detected as well. 

Boyle refocused the study of chemistry in two important ways. First, he shifted attention away from questions surrounding the source and history of a material to its identity and purity. Second, he redirected the interest in desired byproducts to an examination of the chemical reaction itself In doing this, Boyle promoted the use of chemical identity tests and a control arm in an experiment. Among the measures of identity and purity were color, specific gravity, crystal shape, flame tests, solubifity, precipitates, and reaction to standardized reagents. In these ways, Boyle helped frame the important questions for succeeding chemists until the seminal work of Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, see also Alchemy. 

Cannabis administration acutely disrupts performance of complex tasks requiring continuous monitoring and the ability to shift attention rapidly between various stimuli (54,55). These same attentional abilities are required when operating a motor vehicle. Cannabis administration impairs performance on laboratory tests that model various components of driving (56) and increas-... 

Because of this extreme sensitivity, attention shifted to an acidic system, the phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), for other applications. Although it is tolerant to CO, the need for liquid water to be present to facilitate proton migration adds complexity to the system. It is now a relatively mature technology, having been developed extensively for stationary power usage, and 200 kW units (designed for co-generation) are currently for sale and have demonstrated 40,000 hours of operation. An 11 MW model has also been tested. 

Executive tasks, e.g. tests of verbal fluency and attentional set-shifting (such as card sorting tasks), are significantly impaired in patients with more severe depression and in elderly depressed patients. 

There are several future trends for the development of passive sampling techniques. The first is the development of devices that can be used to monitor emerging environmental pollutants. Recently, attention has shifted from hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants to compounds with a medium-to-high polarity, for example, polar pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products.82 147148 Novel materials will need to be tested as selective receiving phases (e.g., ionic liquids, molecularly imprinted polymers, and immunoadsorbents), together with membrane materials that permit the selective diffusion of these chemicals. The sample extraction and preconcentration methods used for these devices will need to be compatible with LC-MS analytical techniques. 

Fig. 1. Discriminative stimuli used in tests of intra- and extra-dimensional shifts of attention in marmosets with lesions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) or 6-OHDA-induced depletion of DA from PFC. Plus and minus signs indicate reinforced and non-reinforced discriminanda, respectively. The arrows indicate those stages especially sensitive to PFC DA depletion as shown by Crofts et al. (2001). Adapted from Crofts et al. (2001).

CO2 hydrogenation, ammonia synthesis, hydrogenation of unsaturated organics, methane reforming, hydrogenolysis of saturated hydrocarbons, and wet oxidation of pollutants in waste waters have been tested, the main reactions taking place in the auto-exhaust converters have received special attention. Such is the case of CO and hydrocarbon oxidations, NO reduction, steam reforming, and water-gas shift reaction. 

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