Shellfish-shrimp

Crustacean shellfish Shrimps Prawns Crabs Lobsters Crayfish Barnacles... 

It has a strong caramel-like odor (Shaw et al., 1968). The flavor is described as shellfish-shrimp, iodine, phenolic, vanilla (Chemisis, 1998). 

The dietary importance of benthic invertebrates to many species of fish, birds, and mammals (Vander Zanden and Vadeboncoenr 2002) signifies their importance in the trophic transfer of MeHg and their potential relevance as biological indicators. Some benthic invertebrates (e g., oysters, clams, shrimp, crabs, and crayfish) are consumed by humans, providing a direct pathway for exposure to MeHg. In the United States, shellfish rank below fish as a source of dietary MeHg in the human population (NRC 2000 Schober et al. 2003). 

While plants may take up241 Am from the soil, the amount taken up is small, especially in the parts of the plant that you eat most often like the fruit, grain, and seeds. While fish may take up 241 Am, very little builds up in the flesh. Most of the 241 Am found in shellfish like shrimp or mussels is attached to the shell, rather than in the edible parts of the animal. For more information about what happens to americium in the environment, see Chapter 6. 

The major allergen of molluscan shellfish is tropomyosin, a muscle protein. The term major allergen is used to define proteins that elicit IgE binding in the sera of half or more of patienfs wifh allergies to the specific source (Metcalfe et ah, 1996). Tropomyosin is a ubiquitous muscle protein in all animals. Tropomyosin is a 34- to 36-kDa protein that is highly water soluble and heat stable as evidenced by the fact that tropomyosin can be isolated from fhe water used to boil shrimp (Daul et ah, 1994). Tropomyosin can actually be found in bofh muscle and many nonmuscle cells in animals. In muscle cells, tropomyosin is associated with the thin filaments in muscle and plays a role in the contractile activity of muscle cells. In nonmuscle cells, tropomyosin is found in microfilaments but its fimction is less well imderstood. Tropomyosins are present in all eukaryotic cells. Different isoforms of tropomyosin are found in different types of muscle cells (skeletal, cardiac, smooth), brain, fibroblasts, and other nonmuscle cells. While these tropomyosins are highly homologous, small differences do exist in their... 

The increased incidence of food-borne diseases from shellfish contaminated with Vibrio species have brought forward renewed interest in irradiation of shellfish and other seafood. Results are very promising for clams and oysters without killing the molluscs [65]. The radiation decimal reduction dose (Dio) determined for Vibrio cholerae 01 biotype El Tor inoculated into various molluscs was 0.14 kGy [66]. Similar radiation sensitivity of this organism was found in inoculated fish fillets and shrimp tails [67]. The radiation dose to eliminate as high as 10 CFU/g Vibrio spp. in oysters was 1.2 kGy [68]. The radiation Dio value for V. cholerae 01 biotype El Tor in marine snails was 0.11 kGy [69]. 

Chitosan comes from chitin, a substance that comes from the shells of lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and other shellfish. Supplement makers claim that when chitin is processed, the final product—chitosan—turns into a kind of fat magnet. This is a theory that may come from the longtime use of chitosan to purify dirty water for safe use by people. When chitosan is spread over water, oils and toxins rise up and cling to it. They can then be removed easily from the surface. 

Fish are known to accumulate arsenic and a study carried out in 1998 found appreciable quantities of total arsenic in all samples analysed.15 The mean concentration of arsenic in samples of fresh marine fish landed in UK ports in 1995-1997 ranged between 1.9 mg/kg and 8.4 mg/kg. An earlier survey found that fish that live on or close to the sea bed, such as plaice, dabs, flounders and skate, tend to have higher levels of arsenic than other fish,24 and this was confirmed by the later work, where the highest level was found in plaice. Arsenic levels in shellfish show more variation, ranging from 1.3 mg/kg to 30 mg/kg. High levels are frequently found in crab, in which the white meat generally contains more arsenic than the brown meat. Lobsters contained similar levels of arsenic to crabs, with the highest levels found in pink shrimps. 

Portmann, J.E. and K.W. Wilson (1971). The toxicity of 140 substances to the brown shrimp and other marine animals. Shellfish Information Leaflet 22, 2nd edn. Bumham-on-Crouch, Essex and North Wales. Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food, Fisheries Laboratory. Fish Experimental Station Conway. 

AsBet, AsC, As(III), As(V), MMA(V), DMA(V), TMAO, TETRA 1-18 NR 46-99 Step 1, 2 5 0 Step 2, 5 0 7 Chloroform -methanol-water 3.2-118 Shrimp, crab, fish, fish liver, shellfish, lobster digestive gland [151]... 

In the area of renewable materials, bulk oxypropylation of chitin and chitosan has been performed. Chitin and chitosan are abundant natural polymers obtained from shellfish, such as crab shell or shrimp shell. This solvent free reaction yields viscous polyols. Unfortunately, propylene oxide homopolymer is formed as a by-product but is easily separated. It should be noted that care was taken to minimize the risk involved in the use of toxic, flammable propylene oxide (the reagent in this process). 

Some animals, however, do not have hemoglobin to carry oxygen through the blood. For example, crustaceans (shellfish like lobsters, shrimps, and crabs) use a compound called hemocyanin. Hemocyanin is similar to hemoglobin but contains copper instead of iron. Many copper compounds, including hemocyanin, are blue. Therefore, the blood of a crustacean is blue, not red. 

Chitin is a protein complex found in shellfish shells. When shells of lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and other shellfish are added to the soil, the chitin stimulates population growth of beneficial soil microorganisms. These microorganisms produce the enzyme chitinase, which destroys nematode eggs and larvae. As chitin breaks down, nitrogen and potassium become available to plants. 

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