Shellac glues

Tafel-lack, m, shellac, -land, n. tableland, plateau, -leim, m. glue in flat pieces, -messing, n. sheet brass, tafeln, v.i. dine, sup, feast, tafeln, v.t. floor wainscot, panel. 

India ink is stabilized to prevent sedimentation by adding substances such as shellac in borax solution, soap, gelatine, glue, gum arabic, and dextrin. 

Binder or Aggiutinont is a material, such as asphalt or bitumen, dextrin, starch, flow, glue, fossil gums, gelatin, milk sugar, petrolatum, resins, shellac, stearin, paraffin wax, sugar, syn-... 

Diaolve shellac in alcohol and add other ingredients, previously well mixed. Stir thoroughly to consistency of thick glue and dip tticks previously arranged in holder so they may be placed in drying rack. 

Another green mixture is barhim chloride, 69 parts lactose, 30 pans shellac, i part. For a yellow light, a mixture of sodium nitrate, 20 parts sulphur, 20 pans antimony sulphide, 8 pans and carbon, a pans, may be tised. A mixture of powdered pitch, glue, and borax will give an mtense yellow flame. 

Natural polymers such as albumin, gelatin, fish glue, shellac, and gum arabic received attention up to the early 1900 s, after which time other materials such as bichromate, diazo compounds, iron salts, and silver halides were added to resins in order to hasten or accomplish their crosslinking. These systems were neither photopolymerization nor photocrosslinkable polymers. Instead, the added second component, when excited by light, produced a species which itself caused the formation of radical sites on a prepolymer or polymer chain which then led to cross-linking. 

Another Method, —Another method of flUing bad places iu wood-work is to get Ado dust, as made with a Aue rasp or Ale, and mix this dust with thm glue, and rub it into the interstices, letting it remain until hard and solid, and then finish same as the adjoining wood. Keither this nor shellac will adhere where there is oil, or where the surface to adhere has boon oiled. 

Materials used as consolidants may be classified as either natural or synthetic in origin. Natural consolidants include water-soluble glues such as hide glues, solutions of natural resins such as shellac, molten waxes such as beeswax, and drying oils such as linseed oil (2). These natural materials have their advantages and limitations, and are still used as consolidants, but will not be discussed further here. 

Solvent-Soluble Natural Polymers. The exudate of the lac insect is dissolved in alcohol to yield shellac. This solution has adhesive properties and should be reversible by treatment with the appropriate alcohol or similar solvent, although it may present problems in other performance areas (8). Solvent-soluble plant gums, especially coniferous resins (e.g., from firs or pines) can be dissolved in organic solvents and used as adhesives. Solvent solutions of some plant waxes may also have limited utility in gluing. All such glues should be reversible by treatment with solvents similar to those they were dissolved in when applied. 

Plant Resin Formulations, Sometimes compounded with shellac, as in DeKhotinsky cement, these compounds have long been used as hot-melt glues. Likewise, waxes of plant and animal origin have also been used as hot-melt adhesives (22). They all should be reversible by application of heat, possibly in conjunction with solvent action in the more diflScult cases. 

The solvent-based candidates include various solvent-soluble natural and synthetic polymers (e.g., shellac, coniferous resins, cellulose nitrate, acrylics, contact-bond glues). 

Remarkably, gelatin was not the only substrate explored for use with dichromates egg albumen, agar, casein, fish glue, shellac, and starch have all been tried and used. In modem times, synthetic polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), and poly(vinyl butyral) have, to a significant extent, displaced the above natural materials for use with dichromates only gelatin and albumen have remained in use until quite recently. A typical modern recipe for dichromated albumen is given in Table 6.1. 

There are two general types of water-based adhesives solutions and latexes.Solutions are made from materials that are soluble only in water or in alkaline water. Examples of materials that are soluble only in water include animal glue, starch, dextrin, blood albumen, methyl cellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol. Examples of materials that are soluble in alkaline water include casein, rosin, shellac, copolymers of vinyl acetate or acrylates containing carboxyl groups, and carboxymethyl cellulose. 

Before proceeding, perhaps it will be of Interest to the reader to note that In the years Immediately following Baekeland s discovery of Bakelite, chemists tried to mix all available materials with the new polymer. In one case, for example, Ludwig Berend(lO) mixed animal glue, shellac, and dlnltrocellulose with the phenol-formaldehyde two-part formulation.)... 

Polyurethanes, various Esters, alcohols, various Solvent vehicle evaporates, leaving polymer film for glues, solvent enters mating surfaces Varnishes, shellac, and glues (adhesives)... 

A source of traditional animal glue for wood, as well as the glue pot to prepare it in, shellac sticks and a number of adhesives for wood, is ... 

Drawing ink A suspension of carbon black in a colloidal solution of - shellac soap, stabilized with animal glue (- glue, animal, - methylcellu-lose, - hydroxyethyl cellulose or - carboxymethyl cellulose - surfactants are also used ... 

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