Sheep clone

Campbell, K.H., J. McWhir, W.A. Ritchie, and I. Wihnut, Sheep cloned by nuclear transfer from a cultured cell line. Nature, 1996. 380(6569) 64-6. 

Researchers at Scotland s Roslin Institute reported that they had cloned a sheep-named Dolly-from the cell of an adult ewe. Polly, the first sheep cloned by nuclear transfer technology bearing a human gene, appeared later... 

In February 1997, the Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut and colleagues at the Roslin Institute announced the birth of a cloned sheep called Dolly in July 1996. They had removed the nucleus from the egg cell of a sheep and replaced it with the nucleus from an adult sheep. Dolly was born from a surrogate mother sheep and is an exact clone of the adult sheep, unlike offspring from the reproductive process, in which the offspring inherits the genes from both parents. 

Dolly suffered from premature arthritis in 2002 and had to be put down in February 2003 at the age of 6V2, because of progressive lung disease common in older sheep. It is not known whether Dolly s premature death is related to cloning her life was about half the normal sheep lifespan of 12 years. 

In November 2003, the members of the Europe Parliament voted to approve embryonic stem cell research, using techniques similar to that adopted for cloning Dolly the sheep, although severe restrictions were put in place. For US scientists, however, the US legislation meant that they were only allowed to performed research using 12 existing sources of the embryonic stem cells and were not allowed to create any new sources. 

There are many uses of recombinant DNA. As noted above, one technique that produces recombinant DNA is called cloning. In one cloning technique used for the production of the sheep Dolly in 1996, the DNA nucleus from a female s egg was replaced with a nucleus from another sheep. The egg was placed in the uterus of a third animal, known as the surrogate mother. Dolly is nearly genetically identical to the animal from which the nucleus was obtained but not genetically related to the surrogate mother. 

Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell, is born... 

Dolly, the cloned sheep, develops a serious chronic lung disease and is euthanized... 

Kohno Y, Ji X, Mawhorter SD, Koshiba M, Jacobson KA (1996) Activation of A, adenosine receptors on human eosinophils elevates intracellular calcium. Blood 88 3569 Linden J, Taylor HE, Robeva AS, Tucker AL, Stehle JH, Rivkees SA, Fink JS, Reppert SM (1993) Molecular cloning and functional expression of a sheep A3 adenosine receptor with widespread tissue distribution. Mol. Pharmacol. 44 524-532. 

The A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) has been cloned from multiple species including rat (Meyerhof et al. 1991 Zhou et al. 1992), sheep (Linden et al. 1993), canine (Auchampach et al. 1997), rabbit (Hill et al. 1997), mouse (Zhao et al. 1999), chick (Durand and Green 2001), and human (Salvatore et al. 1993 Sajjadi and Firestein 1993). 

The parties of the past were idiosyncratic in their inception. Clone was Turkish Jim s birthday, his head superimposed on a sheep s body for the invitation. Once the RSVPs were secured, all names were put into a hat then one by one drawn out and placed next to the guest list. Each person had to dress up as the designated friend or one of their incarnations. A strict code of secrecy was observed ensuring no one knew who would arrive as their clone till the night itself. 

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