Shaving cream preparations

While the use of water alone can soften hair, the addition of a fatty acid salt (i.e., soap) improves the performance of water as a shaving aid by creating a film on the skin. This film created by shaving soaps allows the blade to slide with decreased resistance along the outer epidermal skin surface without cutting into the vascular (blood vessel-possessing) deeper dermal skin layer. In general, soap results from the treatment of 

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Aftershaves, beard softeners, shaving creams (aerosol, brushless lather), preshaves Body and hand preparations (moisturizers), eye creams, face and neck preparations, fresheners and astringents, suntan gels... 

Use As an emulsifier, emollient, conditioner, moisturizer, stabilizer in make-up, lipstick, skincare products, bath products, shampoo, soap, shaving cream, ointment, sun preparations, and veterinary products. 

The salts obtained from saponification depend on the base used. Sodium salts, known as hard salts, are found in most cake soap used in the home. Potassium salts, soft soaps, are used in some shaving creams and liquid soap preparations. 

Alkali metal phosphates find use in numerous specialised formulations, for example, in car radiator cleaners [19], paint strippers [20], carpet cleaners, bleaching and sanitary preparations [21], shaving creams and cosmetic cleaners, as well as industrial formulations for bottle washing, textile cleaning and metal cleaning. 

Wetting agent, foamer and foam stabilizer in shampoos, bath preparations, and shave creams. 

Emulsions Eigener, 1995). Emulsions form the basis of skin and face care creams, salves and lotions, but are also used in manufacture of hair conditioners and treatment preparations, roll-on deodorants, shaving creams, sun protection preparations, after sun care products and some decorative cosmetic products. Emulsion are mixtures of water and oil phases, stabilized by emulsifiers, in which either water droplets are suspended in an oil phase (W/0 emulsion), or vice versa (0/W emulsion). Phase status has an important influence on the susceptibility of an emulsion to microbial proliferation, since preservatives and other supplements intended to act against the growth of such organisms often display an intrinsic preference for either the oil or aqueous phase, depending on their hydro- or lipophilic nature. 

Another type of wet-shaving preparation is the non-aerosol type, which is now much less popular than the aerosol type. Two types may be distinguished, namely the brushless and lather shave creams. These formulations are still marketed, although they are much less popular than the aerosol type systems. The brushless shaving cream is an O/W emulsion with high concentrations of oil and soap. The thick film of lubricant oil provides emolliency and protection to the skin surface. 

Five-week>old piglets were shaved and acclimatized over a period of a week to get them used to wearing a simple wide mesh gauze covering over their back skin where the cream preparations were to be applied. The dorsal skin was washed and marked out into 3 x 3 cm zones on each side of the mid-line. 

Shaving products are mainly lather shaving creams, sticks, and aerosols. These S. contain sodium and potassium salts of - stearic acid (- soaps), water and small amounts of - oils, such as - coconut oil, or fatty alcohols, such as - lauryl alcohol or - stearyl alcohol and - glycerol. Dry shaving preparations (pre-electric shave lotions) are solutions of, e.g., diisopropyl adipate in - ethanol. After-shave products are used after wet and dry shaving and are intended to refresh and cool the skin and exert a mild astringent effect. These products contain often propylene glycol and - menthol in ethanol and water. 

Emulsions of fatty- and petroleum-based substances, both oils and waxes, of the o/w type are made by using blends of sorbitan fatty esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives. Mixtures of poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) and sorbitan monostearate are typical examples of blends used for lotions and creams. Both sorbitan fatty acid esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives are particularly advantageous in cosmetic uses because of their very low skin irritant properties. Sorbitan fatty ester emulsifiers for w/o emulsions of mineral oil are used in hair preparations of both the lotion and cream type. Poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monolaurate is useflil in shampoo formulations (see Hairpreparations). Poly(oxyethylene) sorbitan surfactants are also used for solubilization of essential oils in the preparation of colognes and after-shave lotions. 

Shampoos, hair Shaving preparations (e.g., cakes, creams, lotions, powders, tablets)... 

With an enormous variety of creams, lotions, deodorants, antiperspirants, sunscreens, makeup, hair preparations, bath salts, soaps, and shaving products, cosmetics are applied to alter, preserve, or beautify the outer surface of the body (skin, hair, nails, lips, eyes, and teeth) by cleaning, colouring, conditioning, or protecting. Perfumery products are applied to our skin and hair to emit pleasant odours. The constituents of cosmetics and perfumes can be grouped as follows ... 

Uses O/w emulsifier, pigment wetter, TiOj dispersant provides hair manageability and sheen in shampoos also in aerosol systems, shaving preparations, sun prods., creams, and lotions counter-irritant for sodium lauryl sulfate and a-hydroxy acids... 

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