Sewage sludge derived materials

Heterogeneity of sewage sludge derived materials as a factor governing their performance as adsorbents of acidic gases... 

Bagreev, A., Bashkova, S., Locke, D.C., and Bandosz, T.J. (2001). Sewage sludge derived materials as efficient adsorbents for removal of hydrogen sulfide. Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 1537-43. 

Importance of the dispersion of inorganic matter in carbonaceous materials for adsorption oxidation of hydrogen sulfide was elucidated during the study of H2S removal on sewage sludge derived adsorbents [123] and catalytic carbon Midas [111,122]. While Midas having surface area about 1000 g" can oxidize over 60 % w of hydrogen sulfide and store it as elemental... 

KOMBISORBON A process for removing toxic vapors from waste gases by adsorption. The adsorbant is a composite of activated carbon with an inert material derived from a volcanic rock. Developed by Lurgi Bamag in the 1990s and used first in a sewage sludge incineration plant. 

Allyl chloride is used to make intermediates for downstream derivatives such as resins and polymers. Approximately 90% of allyl chloride production is used to synthesize epichlorohydrin, which is used as a basic building block for epoxy resins and in glycerol synthesis. Allyl chloride is also a starting material for allyl ethers of phenols, bisphenol A and phenolic resins, and for some allyl esters. Other compounds made from allyl chloride are quaternary amines used in chelating agents and quaternary ammonium salts, which are used in water clarification and sewage sludge flocculation (Kneupper Saathoff, 1993). 

In China and other countries, the application of C-rich organic materials to heavy metal-contaminated soils is a common practice. However, the potential risk of metal mobilization should not be overlooked when metal dissolution facilitated by DOM released from organic wastes exceeds metal immobilization caused by particular organic matter. Figure 10.8 demonstrates that addition of DOM derived from green manure, pig manure, peat, rice litter, and sewage sludge to a Cu-contaminated soil caused an increase in soil water-soluble Cu contents. Compared to the control (no... 

The enhancement in the oxidation of SO2 due to the presence of active inorganic matter was also found by Bashkova et al. [89] on carbonaceous adsorbents derived firom sewage sludge. In those materials, a high content of CaO was identified as a favorable fiictor. The effect of calcium was also studied when fly ash mixtures with calcium hydroxide were tested as SO2 adsorbents [89]. It was found that Ca(OH)2 enhances the dispersion of calcium reagent and thus improves the efficiency of the adsorbent. 

Post-consumer materials provide the final category of opportunity fuels. Representative post-consumer materials include tire-derived fuel (TDF), commonly used in cyclone boilers, stoker boilers, and cement kilns. Other post-consumer materials used as opportunity fuels include waste oil and re-refined oil, wastewater treatment gas, landfill gas, paper-derived fuel (PDF), plastics-derived fuel, refuse-derived fuel (RDF), sewage sludge, wastewater treatntent gas, and selected hazardous wastes burned in industrial boilers and kilns. 

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