Serum tumor necrosis factors

Saito K, Kobayashi D, Sasaki M, Araake H, Kida T, Yagihashi A, Yajima T, Kameshima H, Watanabe N. Detection of human serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha in healthy donors, using a highly sensitive immuno-PCR assay. Clin Chem 1999 45(5) 665-669. 

Tuglu C, Kara SH, Caliyurt O, Vardar E, Abay E (2003) hicreased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and tieatment response m major depressive disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 170 429 33. 

Mikova O, Yakimova R, Bosmans E, B snis G, Maes M (2001) hicreased serum tumor necrosis factor alpha concendadons in major depression and muldple sclerosis. Eur Neuropsychophar-macol 11 203—208. 

In 52 adults with cerebral malaria who were randomized to either quinine dihydrochloride alone (n = 32) or a combination of quinine and pentoxifylhne (n = 20), the addition of pentoxifyUine significantly improved coma resolution time from 64 to 22 hours and reduced mortality from 25% to 10% (1). Three days after therapy, serum tumor necrosis factor alfa concentrations fell significantly in those who received pentoxifylline. Pentoxifylline caused no serious adverse effects that necessitated withdrawal. 

Ding-feng Z, Hong R, Xiao-ping J, Ya-su Z (1993) Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in the pathogenesis of clinical hepatic failure of HCV and/or HBV infection. Chin Med J 106 335-338... 

Noel, P., Nelson, S., Bokulic, R., Bagby, G., Lippton, H., Lipscomb, G., and Summer, W. Pentoxifylline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced serum tumor necrosis factor and mortality. Life Sci. 47, 1023-1029 (1990). 

Pisa, P., Gennene, M., Soder, O., Ottenhoff, T., Hansson, M., and Kiessling, R. Serum tumor necrosis factor levels and disease dissemination in leprosy and leishmaniasis. J. Infect. Dis. 161, 988-991 (1990). 

Radiation-induced immune reaction or cytokines might affect tumors outside of the radiation field and under rare circumstances cause a significant outcome. Ohba et al. described a man who underwent radiation therapy for bone metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (Ohba etal. 1998). Surprisingly, regression of the non-irradiated primary tumor was observed. A rise in the serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a after radiotherapy coincided with the response of the primary tumor and an immune response induced by TNF-a was suggested by the authors. Several cases of abscopal effects have been reported for leukemias and lymphomas after radiation therapy. One possible mechanism that is relevant mainly to leukemias and lymphomas is that the distant effect observed is due to the circulation of diseased lymphocytes through the field of local irradiation. 

Fig.4.50 Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) levels by treatment group and controls (From CavaUini et aL [18])...

Basaran Y, Basaran MM, Babacan KF, et al. Serum tumor necrosis factor levels in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina pectoris. Angiology 1993 44 332-337. 

C16. Chopra, I. J., Sakane, S., and Chua Teco, G. N., A study of the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-a in thyroidal and nonthyroidal illness. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 12, 1113-1116(1991). 

Dl. Damas, P Reuter, A., Gysen, P., Demonty, J., Lamy, M., and Franchimont, P., Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 serum levels during severe sepsis in humans. Crit. Care Med. 17, 975-978 (1989). 

Serum amyloids Coagulation factors Tumor necrosis factor Erythrocyte proteins Apolipoproteins... 

Extracts of leaves of Combretum quadrangulare showed promising hepatoprotective effect on D-GalN or tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)-induced cell death in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. The hepatoprotective effect of C-glycosylflavones from C. quadrangulare was determined by evaluation of the serum enzyme level in comparison with the o-GalN or TNF-a treated control. At the concentration of 200 pg/ml, orientin and isoscoparin possessed an inhibitory effect on TNF-a-induced cell death of about 20%, while vitexin at 100 pg/ml produces a 95%i inhibitory effect. 

Puccioni-Sohler M, Rieckmann P, Kitze B, Lange P, Albrecht M, Flegenhauer K. A soluble form of tumor necrosis factor receptor in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of HTVLV-l-associated hyelopathy and other neurological diseases. Neurology 1995 242 239-242. 

Komatsu M, Kobayashi D, Saito K, Furuya D, Yagihashi A, Araake H, Tsuji N, Sakamaki S, Niitsu Y, Watanabe N. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in serum of patients with inflammatory bowel disease as measured by a highly sensitive immuno-PCR. Clin Chem 2001 47(7) 1297-1301. 

De Kossodo S, Houba V, Grau GE Assaying tumor necrosis factor concentrations in human serum. A WHO International Collaborative study. J. Immunol. Methods (1995) 182 107-114. 

Many mediators of inflammation have been identified— cytokines IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha cell adhesion molecules intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-I), P-selectin and acute phase reactants CR.R fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, and soluble CD40 (Fig. I) (3). Myeloperoxidase is an enzyme secreted from monocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages. A single measurement taken from patient with chest pain in the emergency department predicted the early risk of myocardial infarction and the risk of major cardiac of ends in the next 30 days to six months (15). 

Gallay, P., Barras, C., Tobias, P.S., Calandra, T., Glauser, M.P., Heumann, D. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein in human serum determines the tumor necrosis factor response of monocytes to LPS. J Infect Dis 170 (1994) 1319-1322. 

Weiss, J., Elsbach, P., Shu, C., Castillo, J., Grinna, L., Horwitz, A., Theofan, G. Human bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and a recombinant NH2-terminal fragment cause killing of serum-resistant gram-negative bacteria in whole blood and inhibit tumor necrosis factor release induced by the bacteria. J Clin Invest 90 (1992) 1122-1130. 

Abramowicz D, Schandene L, Goldman M, et al. Release of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-2, and gamma-interferon in serum after injection of OKT3 monoclonal antibody in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation 1989 47 606. 

Al. Akimoto, S., Okumura, A., and Fuse, H., Relationship between serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and bone turnover in prostate cancer patients. Endocr. J. 45,183—189... 

In 1975, Lloyd Old and colleagues discovered that transfer of serum from the blood of donor mice that had been previously injected with endotoxin into recipient mice harboring tumors would induce necrosis of the tumors. They dubbed the transferrable substance responsible tumor necrosis factor , or TNF. Remarkably, TNF was also shown to... 

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