Sequential dialysis

Adults - 10 mL (elemental iron 125 mg), may be diluted in 100 mL 0.9% sodium chloride administered by intravenous (IV) infusion over 1 hour. It may also be administered undiluted as a slow IV injection (at a rate up to 12.5 mg/min). Most patients will require a minimum cumulative dose of 1 g elemental iron administered over 8 sessions at sequential dialysis treatments to achieve a favorable hemoglobin or hematocrit response. Patients may continue to require therapy with IV iron at the lowest dose necessary to maintain the target levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and laboratory parameters of iron storage within acceptable limits. 

Sodium ferric gluconate complex has been administered at sequential dialysis sessions by infusion or by slow IV injection during the dialysis session itself. 

Children-0A2 mL/kg (1.5 mg/kg of elemental iron) diluted in 25 mL 0.9% sodium chloride and administered by IV infusion over 1 hour at 8 sequential dialysis sessions. The maximum dosage should not exceed 125 mg/dose. 

By hydrolysis of the ester groups of the PMMA arms, an amphiphilic polyelectrolyte was obtained with PS arms and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) arms. [98, 99] These particles are soluble in water, when using several sequential dialysis steps (starting from 1,4-dioxane). However, due to the non-polarity of both PB core and PS hemi-corona they collapse to a core... 

We call this the method of sequential dialysis. Although it is empirical the method is quantitative, in that the results are numbers which may be assumed to be related to the formation constants of the chromium(III) complexes in some definite but at the moment unspecified way. 

From a large number of results, we have selected typical data to illustrate the utility and versatility of the method of sequential dialysis these results are summarized in Figs. 1-4 and the corresponding Tables 1. In comparing the results of many experiments, the actual curves are cumbersome to use the tables show how the salient features of the dialysis curves can be displayed as numerical values. 

Researchers studying polypeptide and polypeptide hybrid systems have also processed vesicles using two solvents. This method usually involves a common organic solvent that solubilizes both blocks and an aqueous solvent that solublizes only the hydrophilic block. The two solvents can be mixed with the polypeptide or polypeptide hybrid system at the same time or added sequentially. The choice of organic solvent depends heavily upon the properties of the polypeptide material, and commonly used solvents include dimethylformamide (DMF) [46, 59], methanol (MeOH) [49], dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) [50, 72], and tetrahydrofuran (THF) [44, 55]. Vesicles are usually formed when the organic solvent is slowly replaced with an aqueous solution via dialysis or removed through evaporation however, some vesicles have been reported to be present in the organic/aqueous mixture [49]. 

When replacing iron stores in patients receiving ESA therapy, the general approach to treatment is to give a total of 1 g of IV iron, administered in smaller, sequential doses. Because iron stores deplete quickly in patients who do not receive iron supplementation, maintenance doses are often used, particularly in patients receiving hemodialysis. Maintenance doses consist of smaller doses of iron administered weekly or with each dialysis session (e.g., iron dextran or iron sucrose 20 to 100 mg per week sodium ferric gluconate 62.5 to 125 mg per week). 

Table 42-1 summarizes many of the potential causes of bacterial peritonitis. The causes of intraabdominal abscess somewhat overlap those of peritonitis and, in fact, both may occur sequentially or simultaneously. Appendicitis is the most frequent cause of abscess. Intraabdominal infection results from entry of bacteria into the peritoneal or retroperitoneal spaces or from bacterial collections within intraabdominal organs. When peritonitis results from peritoneal dialysis, skin surface flora are introduced via the peritoneal catheter. 

Secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on dialysis PO Initially, 30mgonceaday Titrate dosage sequentially (60, 90, 120, and 180 mg once a day) every 2-4 wk. 

In operationally defined speciation the physical or chemical fractionation procedure applied to the sample defines the fraction isolated for measurement. For example, selective sequential extraction procedures are used to isolate metals associated with the water/acid soluble , exchangeable , reducible , oxidisable and residual fractions in a sediment. The reducible, oxidisable and residual fractions, for example, are often equated with the metals associated, bound or adsorbed in the iron/manganese oxyhydroxide, organic matter/sulfide and silicate phases, respectively. While this is often a convenient concept it must be emphasised that these associations are nominal and can be misleading. It is, therefore, sounder to regard the isolated fractions as defined by the operational procedure. Physical procedures such as the division of a solid sample into particle-size fractions or the isolation of a soil solution by filtration, centrifugation or dialysis are also examples of operational speciation. Indeed even the distinction between soluble and insoluble species in aquatic systems can be considered as operational speciation as it is based on the somewhat arbitrary definition of soluble as the ability to pass a 0.45/Am filter. 

A method for the isolation of toxic anions by dialysis, and procedures for identification and quantification are given under Metals and Anions In non-fatal poisoning cases/the sample of food, vomit, etc. may be very limited. If this is the case, the sequential method described under Examination of Food and Drink, below, should be used. 

To increase the percentage of dialysis, as well as the dialysis time, multiple flow reversals with a time of 20 s between each flow reversal is selected. Similar results are obtained by using a sequential injection system with the stopped-flow period around 150 s. The advantage of utilizing the stopped-flow mode over multiple flow reversals in the sequential injection analysis systems is that it needs less programming and, also, it reduces the strain on the pump. 

Sequential injection is the perfect vehicle for HPLC, which, in turn, enhances sequential injection by eliminating the problem of dialysis, dilution, or concentration, extraction, and mixing reactants during the loading process. HPLC can be carried out in different modes affinity chromatography, ion chromatography, extraction chromatography, and so forth. 

Maung HM, et al. Efficacy and side effects of intermittent intravenous and oral doxercalcrferol (lalpUa-Uydroxyvitamin D(2)) in dialysis patients witU secondary UyperparatUyroidism A sequential comparison. Am J Kidney Dis 2001 37 532-543. 

Fe(III) Turbid pharmaceutical formulations Dialysis UV-Vis 45.0 mg L 1 Sequential injection system two subsystems each with a different holding coil, tiron as the colourforming reagent several flow reversals [536]... 

Hydrogen peroxide Lens care solutions Dialysis UV-Vis Up to 342 mg L 1 Sequential injection lab-on-valve system low dialysis efficiency (1.25 %) to promote in-line dilution, thus sensitivity reduction enzymatic assay [60]... 

---