Separation isopropanol-butanol-ethanol

Absorption is widely used as a raw material and/or product recovery technique in separation and purification of gaseous streams containing high concentrations of VOC, especially water-soluble compounds such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone, and formaldehyde. Hydrophobic VOC can be absorbed using an amphiphilic block copolymer dissolved in water. However, as an emission control... 

Figure 3.16. Two-dimensional separation of the components of a coal derived gasoline fraction using live switching. Column A was 121 m open tubular column coated with polyfethylene glycol) and column B a 64 m poly(dimethylsiloxane) thick film column. Both columns were temperature programmed independently taking advantage of the two-oven configuration. Peak identification 1 = acetone, 2 = 2-butanone, 3 = benzene, 4 = isopropylmethyUcetone, 5 = isopropanol, 6 = ethanol, 7 = toluene, 8 = propionitrile, 9 = acetonitrile, 10 = isobutanol, 11 = 1-propanol, and 12 =l-butanol. (From ref. [195] Elsevier).

Figure 6.16. Trajectories of heteroazeotropic distiUation (a) distillate from azeocolumn to decanter for separation toluene(l)-ethanol(2)-water(3) mixture (b) distillate from azeocolumn to decanter and a recycle stream of the entrainer from decanter to azeocolumn for separation benzene(l)-isopropanol(2)-water(3) mixture (c) distillate from azeostripping to decanter and a recycle stream of the entrainer from decanter to azeostripping for separation benzene(l)-isopropanol(2)-water(3) mixture (d) distillate from azeocolumn to decanter and a recycle stream of the entrainer from decanter to azeocolumn for separation acetic add(l)-n-butyl acetate (2)-water(3) mixture (e) bottom from azeocolumn to decanter for separation butanol(l)-acetone(2)-water(3) mixture and (f) side product from azeocolumn to decanter for separation butanol(l)-acetone(2)-water(3) mixture. Regions of two liquid phases Regi,i 1,2 are shaded.

We have also carried out four-component competition experiments, in which the host l,l-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane was employed to separate a mixture of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and n-butanol. In this case the pure components were represented by the apices of a regular tetrahedron, and the 12 starting mixtures were such that they represented an icosahedron embedded in the tetrahedron. The selectivity showed that isopropanol was enriched in all cases [14]. 

Erlang distribution, residence time, 558 Equation of state, gases, 91 density calculation, 91 Ethanol/acetic acid separation, 385 Ethanol/butanol equilibria, 375 Ethanol/isopropanol/water separation, 421... 

Furthermore, it is seen that a hydroxyl group in the molecule does not necessarily reduce the Rf value as the chromatographic behavior of serine with respect to glycine on both layers of silica gel and cellulose shows (see Table 1). Some of the numerous eluents that have been used for the separation of amino adds on silica gel are acetone-water-acetic acid-formic acid (50 15 12 3), ethylacetate-pyridine-acetic acid-water (30 20 6 11), 96% ethanol-water-diethylamine (70 29 1), chloroform-formic acid (20 1), chloroform-methanol (9 1), isopropanol-5 % ammonia (7 3), and phenol-0.06M borate buffer pH 9.30 (9 1). On cellulose plates, ethylacetate-pyridine-acetic add-water (5 5 1 3), n-bu-tanol-acetic acid-water (4 1 1 and 10 3 9), n-butanol-acetone-ammonia-water (20 20 4 1), collidine-n-bu-tanol-acetone-water (2 10 10 5), phenol-methanol-water (7 10 3), ethanol-acetic acid-water (2 1 2), and cyclohexanol-acetone-diethylamine-water... 

There are many important industrial applications of azeotropic separations, which employ a variety of methods. In this book we discuss several of these chemical systems and demonstrate the application of alternative methods of separation. The methods presented include pressure-swing distillation, azeotropic distillation with a light entrainer, extractive distillation with a heavy entrainer (solvent), and pervaporation. The chemical systems used in the numerical case studies included ethanol-water tetrahydrofuran (THF)-water, isopropanol-water, acetone-methanol, isopentane-methanol, n-butanol-water, acetone-chloroform, and acetic acid-water. Economic and dynamic comparisons between alternative methods are presented for some of the chemical systems, for example azeotropic distillation versus extractive distillation for the isopropanol-water system. 

Matz (34) separated halogenated uracils on silica 60 HPTLC plates. Solvents were chloroform-ethanol-water plus or minus acetate. Cardinaud (35) separated 27 pyr analogs. Cellulose TLC and various combinations of butanol-ammonia-ethyl acetate-formic sodium phosphate-propanol-isoamyl alcohol were used. Gommers-Ampt et al. discovered pdJ —a new nucleotide and not hydroxymeth-yl-DUMP (HmdUMP) in Trypanosoma brucei by 2D-TLC with PEI in isobutyric-water-ammonium ID and ammonium sulfate-isopropanol-sodium acetate. Hydrazine was used to destroy other pyrimidine rings. These modified nucleotides were resistant to postlabeling. 

Product acciunulation was controlled by thin-layer chromatography on Silica gel 6OF254 plates (Merck, Germany). Chromatographic separation of components in reaction mixtures JV 1, 2 and 3 was performed in the mixture of isopropanol-chloroform-25 % aqueous ammonia in the ratio 10 10 1 (v/v), in die reaction mixture JV 4 and 5 - with chloroform-ethanol in 4 1 ratio (v/v), in reaction mixtures JV 6 and 7 - with n-butanole-25% aqueous ammonia in 7 1 ratio (v/v). 

Precision—The precision of these test methods was determined by statistic analysis of interlaboratory test results. Twelve laboratories analyzed in duplicate eight different samples, providing a total of thirteen data sets. One laboratory us two different test methods. The breakdown on data sets by test method is Test Method A, three Test Method B, two Test Method C, three Test Me od D, five. The statistical analysis was performed on the set of 13 data sets because the reductive pyrolysis technique is common to all four test methods. Separate statistics were not determined for individual test methods. The sample set included anhydrous methanol and gasoline stocks that were spiked with one or more of the following isobutanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, tfrt-butanol, di-isopropyl ether, ethanol, ethyl ten-butyl ether, methanol, methyl rm-butyl ether, n-propanol, isopropanol, tert-amyl methyl ether. 

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