SEPA

The surface forces apparatus of crossed mica cylinders (Section VI-4D) has provided a unique measurement of friction on molecular scales. The apparatus is depicted in Fig. VI-3, and the first experiments involved imposing a variation or pulsing in the sepa-... 

Saccharic acid. Use the filtrate A) from the above oxidation of lactose or, alternatively, employ the product obtained by evaporating 10 g. of glucose with 100 ml. of nitric acid, sp. gr. 1 15, until a syrupy residue remains and then dissolving in 30 ml. of water. Exactly neutralise at the boiling point with a concentrated solution of potassium carbonate, acidify with acetic acid, and concentrate again to a thick syrup. Upon the addition of 50 per cent, acetic acid, acid potassium saccharate sepa rates out. Filter at the pump and recrystaUise from a small quantity of hot water to remove the attendant oxahc acid. It is necessary to isolate the saccharic acid as the acid potassium salt since the acid is very soluble in water. The purity may be confirmed by conversion into the silver salt (Section 111,103) and determination of the silver content by ignition. 

The statement of Coulombs law above assumes that the charges are sepa-... 

FIGURE 9 2 The carbon atoms of acetylene are con nected by a cr + tt + tt triple bond (a) Both carbon atoms are sp hybridized and each IS bonded to a hydrogen by a (T bond The two tt bonds are perpendicular to each other and are shown sepa rately in (b) and (c)... 

Lecithin is added to foods such as mayonnaise as an emulsifying agent to prevent the fat and water from sepa rating into two layers... 

Sepa.ra.tlon, It maybe desirable to separate the feedstock into two or more components for different appHcations. Examples include separation of agricultural biomass into foodstuffs and residues that may serve as fuel or as a raw material for synfuel manufacture, separation of forest biomass into the darker bark-containing fractions and the pulpable components, separation of marine biomass to isolate various chemicals, and separation of urban... 

Ra.don Sepa.ra.tion, Owing to its short half-life, radon is normally prepared close to the point of use in laboratory-scale apparatus. Radium salts are dissolved in water and the evolved gases periodically collected. The gas that contains radon, hydrogen, and oxygen is cooled to condense the radon, and the gaseous hydrogen and oxygen are pumped away. 

Sepa.ra.tion of Plutonium. The principal problem in the purification of metallic plutonium is the separation of a small amount of plutonium (ca 200—900 ppm) from large amounts of uranium, which contain intensely radioactive fission products. The plutonium yield or recovery must be high and the plutonium relatively pure with respect to fission products and light elements, such as lithium, beryUium, or boron. The purity required depends on the intended use for the plutonium. The high yield requirement is imposed by the price or value of the metal and by industrial health considerations, which require extremely low effluent concentrations. 

Sepa.ra.tedRecyclables. Even when initial separation of recyclables takes place at the household level, the separated materials stiU requite some preparation before being sent to market. By visually inspecting materials, facihty processors are able to remove any remaining contaminants. This ensures that recyclables will be of sufficient quahty to meet buyer specifications. In addition, materials are often shredded, cmshed, or baled to facihtate cost-effective shipping. 

Sepa.ra.tlon, Sodium carbonate (soda ash) is recovered from a brine by first contacting the brine with carbon dioxide to form sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate has a lower solubiUty than sodium carbonate, and it can be readily crystallized. The primary function of crystallization in this process is separation a high percentage of sodium bicarbonate is soHdified in a form that makes subsequent separation of the crystals from the mother hquor economical. With the available pressure drop across filters that separate Hquid and soHd, the capacity of the process is determined by the rate at which hquor flows through the filter cake. That rate is set by the crystal size distribution produced in the crystallizer. 

Sepa.ra.tive Capacity. An expression for the separative capacity of a single gaseous diffusion stage where the upflow rate is C mols per unit time, given ia equation 7, can be written as... 

Streat and Cloete, Ion Exchange, in Rousseau (ed.). Handbook of Sepa-lation Piocess Technology, Wiley, New York, 1987. 

This term is analogous to relative volatility or its reciprocal (or to an equilibrium selectivity). Similarly, the assumption of a constant sepa-... 

The classifying operation is carried out in a pool of fluid pulp confined in a tank arranged to allow the coarse solids to settle out, whereupon they are removed by gravity, mechanical means, or induced pressure. Solids which do not settle report as overflow. Mesh of sepa-... 

For the related gas-based technology, Shell and SASOL have sepa-... 

Inertial separator A device used for sepa rating bodies from one another, or from a fluid in which they are contained, by virtue of inertial differences. 

Another effect of elastic deformation is that it causes a long-range interaction between steps. From the continuum elasticity theory, two steps sepa-rated by a distance have a repulsive interaction proportional to l for homo- and to In i for hetero-epitaxial cases, respectively [84]. This interaction plays an important role, for example, in step fluctuations, terrace width distribution, step bunching, and so forth [7,85-88]. 

It was observed already by BougaulU that the reaction of 6-benzyl-3,5-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-l,2,4-triazines with alkyl halides in an alkaline solution yields a mixture of the 4-mono- and 2,4-dialkyl derivatives. This mixture of alkylation products can be readily sepa-... 

Polyethylene separators Phenol- formaldehyde- resorcinol separators PVC sepa- rators Rubber separators Microfiber glass mat separators Total... 

In terms of the production of olefins suitable for use as alkylation reagents in the synthesis of LAB, the Olex part of the process is of low priority. The olefins produced here are used mainly in the manufacture of oxoalcohols. The separation of the olefins from the paraffins proceeds by the same technology as that developed for the Molex process with the difference being that the sepa-... 

Sepa, D. B. Energies of Activation of Electrode Reactions A Revisited Problem 29... 

Lorius et al. (1990) performed a simple multivariate analysis in which they correlate the temperature changes of the past 160 kyr (as recorded in the Vostok SD record) with changes in five forcings atmospheric CO2 plus CH4, ice volume, aerosol loading (dust and sepa-... 

Caruso BS, Cox LTJ, Runkel RE, Velleux ML, Bencala KE, Nordstrom DK, Julien PY, Butler BA, Alpers CN, Marion A, Smith KS (2008) Metals fate and transport modelling in streams and watersheds state of the science and SEPA workshop review. Hydrol Process 22 4011... 

Resolution A term which indicates the ability of a device/technique to sepa-rate/distingnish between closely related signals. In chromatography, it relates to the ability to separate componnds with similar retention characteristics, and in mass spectrometry to the ability to separate ions of similar m/z ratios. 

In another industrial laboratory, the company required a sepa-... 

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