Sensory neuronopathy

Megadosage vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and cisplatin cause sensory neuronopathy. Pyridoxine toxicity, usually the result of inappropriate self-overmedication, kills dorsal root ganglion neurons. Affected individuals become severely ataxic because of loss of proprioceptive afferent input to the cerebellum. A similar syndrome is elicited by cisplatin chemotherapy. Neurotrophin-3 treatment is effective in protecting dorsal root ganglion neurons in experimental animals against these toxins [48,49]. 

Sillevis Smitt, P., Grefkens, J., de Leeuw, B. etal. Survival and outcome in 73 anti-Hu positive patients with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy. /. Neurol. 249 745-753, 2002. 

The term classical PNS is reserved for the PNS in which the association with cancer is common and includes encephalomyelitis, limbic encephalitis, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, and paraneoplastic opsoclonus myoclonus (OM), as well as sensory neuronopathy (SN), chronic gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction, Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), and dermatomyositis [14]. This chapter does not include dermatomyositis. 

Anti-CRMP5/CV2 CRMP5 Cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes Encephalomyelitis, cerebellar degeneration, LE, chorea, sensory neuronopathy, sensorimotor neuropathy, optic neuritis, gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction SCLC, thymoma, gynecological tumors... 

Ichimura M, Yamamoto M, Kobayashi Y, Kawakami O, Niimi Y, Hattori N, et al. Tissue distribution of pathological lesions and Hu antigen expression in paraneoplastic sensory neuronopathy. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1998 95(6) 641-648. 

Dalmau J, Graus F, Rosenblum MK, Posner JB. Anti-Hu-associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy. A clinical study of 71 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 1992 71(2) 59-72. 

Wanschitz J, Hainfellner JA, Kristoferitsch W, Drlicek M, Budka H. Ganglionitis in paraneoplastic subacute sensory neuronopathy A morphologic study. Neurology 1997 49(4) 1156—1159. 

Dalmau J, Furneaux HM, Cordon-Cardo C, Posner JB. The expression of the Hu (paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy) antigen in human normal and tumor tissues. Am J Pathol 1992 141(4) 881—886. 

Dalmau J, Furneaux HM, Rosenblum MK, Graus F, Posner JB. Detection of the anti-Hu antibody in specific regions of the nervous system and tumor from patients with paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy. Neurology 1991 41(11) 1757-1764. 

Hainfellner JA, Kristoferitsch W, Lassmann H, Bernheimer H, Neisser A, Drlicek M, et al. T-cell-mediated ganglionitis associated with acute sensory neuronopathy. Ann Neurol 1996 39(4) 543-547. 

McLachlan RS and Brown WF (1995) Pyridoxine dependent epilepsy with iatrogenic sensory neuronopathy. Canadian Journal of Neurological Science 22, 50-1. 

Neurotoxicity can include effects on behavior and physiology, including motor function, sensory function, and cognitive function. These aspects are mainly studied in safety pharmacology, where the emphases are on functional and behavioral tests (e.g., functional observational battery FOB) (OECD 2004), and neurotoxicity may or may not be associated with changes in neuropathology. Neurotoxins may target different parts of the neuron, and neuronopathies may involve injury to the neurones, followed by necrosis and loss the effects may be broad or selective for a subpopulation of neurons. 

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