Paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus

The term classical PNS is reserved for the PNS in which the association with cancer is common and includes encephalomyelitis, limbic encephalitis, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, and paraneoplastic opsoclonus myoclonus (OM), as well as sensory neuronopathy (SN), chronic gastrointestinal pseudo-obstruction, Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), and dermatomyositis [14]. This chapter does not include dermatomyositis. 

Bataller L, Graus F, Saiz A, Vilchez JJ. Clinical outcome in adult onset idiopathic or paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus. Brain 2001 124(Pt. 2) 437 143. 

Berger JR, Mehari E. Paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus secondary to malignant melanoma. J Neurooncol 1999 41(1) 43 15. 

Blaes F, Jauss M, Kraus J, Oschmann P, Krasenbrink I, Kaps M, et al. Adult paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome associated with antimitochondrial autoantibodies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003 74(11) 1595-1596. 

Kumar A, Lajara-Nanson WA, Neilson RW, Jr. Paraneoplastic Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome Initial presentation of non-Hodgkins lymphoma. J Neurooncol 2005 73(1) 43 15. 

Opsoclonus is a disorder of eye movement characterized by multidirectional saccades. Opsoclonus is usually associated with myoclonus, constituting OM, and there are often coexisting signs of cerebellar dysfunction and encephalopathy. The causation of OM is complex, including viral, metabolic, toxic, and structural disorders. Paraneoplastic OM was first described in children. Neuroblastoma is found in 50% of the pediatric OM cases, but on the whole, only 2-3% of all children with neuroblastic tumors have paraneoplastic OM [74, 75]. 

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