Senior 20

In the Prefaces of both the 4th and the 5th editions the senior author commented on the tendency of wet and dry surface chemistry for differentiation into separate schools. This remains the case today also, academic research in wet surface chemistry continues to move from chemistry departments to engineering ones. On the other hand, new connections between the two areas have been forming apace with the current prominence of scanning microscopies. 

The analyses which follow are arranged in the order in which they would be applied to a newly discovered substance, the estimation of the elements present and molecular weight deter-minations(f.e., determination of empirical and molecular formulae respectively) coming first, then the estimation of particular groups in the molecule, and finally the estimation of special classes of organic compounds. It should be noted, however, that this systematic order differs considerably from the order of experimental difficulty of the individual analyses. Consequently many of the later macro-analyses, such as the estimation of hydroxyl groups, acetyl groups, urea, etc. may well be undertaken by elementary students, while the earlier analyses, such as estimation of elements present in the molecule, should be reserved for more senior students. 

Amino groups rank rather low in seniority when the parent compound is identified for naming purposes Hydroxyl groups and carbonyl groups outrank ammo groups In these cases the ammo group is named as a substituent... 

TABLE 1.5 Trivial Names of Heterocyclic Systems Suitable for Use in Fusion Names Listed in order of increasing priority as senior ring system. 

If the characteristic group occurs in more than one cyclic system, that system is chosen as parent which (a) carries the largest number of the principal group or, failing to reach a decision, (b) is the senior ring system. 

If the characteristic group occurs both in a chain and in a cyclic system, the parent is that portion in which the principal group occurs in largest number. If the numbers are the same, that portion is chosen which is considered to be the most important or is the senior ring system. 

When side chains of two or more different kinds are attached to a cyclic component, only the senior side chain is named by the conjunctive method. The remaining side chains are named as prefixes. Likewise, when there is a choice of cyclic component, the senior is chosen. Benzene derivatives may be named by the conjunctive method only when two or more identical side chains are present. Trivial names for oxo carboxylic acids may be used for the acyclic component. If the cyclic and acyclic components are joined by a double bond, the locants of this bond are placed as superscripts to a Greek capital delta that is inserted between the two names. The locant for the cyclic component precedes that for the acyclic component, e.g., indene-A - -acetic acid. 

Focants of substituents of symmetrically substituted derivatives of symmetrical amines are distinguished by primes or else the names of the complete substituted radicals are enclosed in parentheses. Unsymmetrically substituted derivatives are named similarly or as A-substituted products of a primary amine (after choosing the most senior of the radicals to be the parent amine). For example. 

In an alternative method, the senior component is regarded as substituted by RN=N—, this group R being named as a radical. Thus 2-(7-phenylazo-2-naphthylazo)anthracene is the name by this alternative method for the compound named anthracene-2-azo-2 -naphthalene-7 -azobenzene. 

Ethers (R —O—R ). In substitutive nomenclature, one of the possible radicals, R—O—, is stated as the prefix to the parent compound that is senior from among R or R. Examples are methoxyethane for CH3OCH2CH3 and butoxyethanol for C4Hc,0CH2CH20H. 

Sulfoxides. Sulfoxides, R — SO—R, are named by placing the names of the radicals in alphabetical order before the word sulfoxide. Alternatively, the less senior radical is named followed by sulfinyl- and concluded by the name of the senior group. For example, CH3CH2—SO—CH2CH2CH3 is named either ethyl propyl sulfoxide or l-(ethylsulfinyl)propane. 

Sulfones. Sulfones, R — SO2—R, are named in an analogous manner to sulfoxides, using the word sulfone in place of sulfoxide. In prefixes, the less senior radical is followed by -sulfonyl-. When the > SO2 group is incorporated in a ring, the compound is named as a dioxide. 

Costs. Since much more personal contact work is requked, the cost of marketing research studies is significantly higher than the cost of market research studies. Also, the advisabiHty of using the most senior personnel raises the cost. It is not uncommon for in-depth marketing research studies to cost 35,000 to 100,000, depending on the complexity of the subject. 

The interference proceeding is declared by the patent examiner and occurs in the U.S. PTO. Once an interference is declared, a deterrnination is made as to the exact subject matter constituting the invention of the interference and who filed the first patent appHcation on that invention. The first appHcant becomes the senior party to the interference. The junior party has the burden of proving that it was prior in time as to its date of invention. 

D. J. Senior,]. Hamilton, R. L. Bernier, and]. P. Manoir, "Reduction ia Chlorine Use During Bleaching of Kraft Pulps EoUowiag Xylanase... 

These scientists and engineers represent a special challenge to leadership in that the values and motivations may at times be at odds with corporate cultures that emphasise seniority, authority based on hierarchical influence, allegiance to corporate direction, a strict proprietary view of the results of science and technology, and expectations of instantaneous organisational response to changes in direction. 

A critical but often overlooked aspect of the technical service function is the value of relationships that develop between more senior members of the technical service staff and their coUeagues at customer sites. Professional relationships provide value both to suppHer and customer by virtue of the tmst and respect generated in a successhil technical service interaction, analogous to the types of mutuaUy valuable relationships that can develop between suppHer sales personnel and a customer s purchasing personnel. A more efficient process of gathering and dispersing new and usehil technical information can result from these relationships, because the persons involved work in different environments and are exposed in the course of their work to different external sources of information. 

Terry Allen, Ph.D., Senior Research Associate (retired), DuPont Central Research and Development (Section 20, Size Reduction and Size Enlargement)... 

Patrick M. Bemhagen, P.E., B.S.M.E., Senior Mechanical Engineer, Foster Wheeler USA Corporation, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Section 11, Heat-Transfer Equipment)... 

George W. Gassman, B.S.M.E., Senior Research Specialist, Final Control Systems, Fisher Controls International, Inc., Marshalltown, Iowa (Section 8, Process Control)... 

Joseph D. Henry, Jr., Ph.D., P.E., Senior Fellow, Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University Member, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Society for Engineering Education (Section 22, Alternative Separation Processes)... 

Trevor A. Kletz, D.Sc., Senior Visiting Research Fellow, Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, U.K. Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Royal Academy of Engineers (U.K.), Institution of Chemical Engineers (U.K.), and Royal Society of Chemistry (U.K.) (Section 26, Process Safety)... 

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